105 年公務人員特種考試關務人員考試、 105 年公務人員特種考試 身心障礙人員考試及 105 年國軍上校以上軍官轉任公務人員考試試題 代號： 60210 頁次： 4 － 1

• 考 試 別： 國軍上校以上軍官轉任公務人員考試

• 等 別： 中將轉任考試

類

科： 一般行政

科 目：

中華民國憲法與英文

考試時間：

2 小時

座號：

※注意：禁止使用電子計算器。

• 甲、申論題部分：（ 50

分）

•  不必抄題，作答時請將試題題號及答案依照順序寫在申論試卷上，於本試題上作答者，不予計分。  請以藍、黑色鋼筆或原子筆在申論試卷上作答。

• 一、人民有秘密通訊自由之基本權利，請依據憲法規定、司法院大法官解釋及相關法律 之規定，論述如何確保與實踐此項基本權利，並說明可否對其作必要限制之手段。 （ 25 分）

• 二、請論述總統與行政院院長之地位，並說明行政院院長如何產生及其主要法定職權。 （ 25 分）

• 乙、測驗題部分：（ 50

分） 代號：

1601

•  本測驗試題為單一選擇題，請選出一個正確或最適當的答案，複選作答者，該題不予計分。

•  共 25 題，每題 2 分，須用 2B 鉛筆在試卡上依題號清楚劃記，於本試題或申論試卷上作答者，不予計分。

• 1 Men and women in this period aspired to a/an , delicate, slim silhouette.Very small people were considered deformed and were given the role of grotesque fools.

•  elongated



modern



brooding



mysterious

• 2 His old-time joke had occurred to him again, but all the and laughter had gone out of it.  views  tardiness  gasps  mirth

• 3

• Performance tests are necessary to whether patients could survive basic daily activities.  access  assess  process  accredit

• 4 Inner city zones within cities of the developed world continue to house a disproportionate number of people living on low incomes.

•  A great number of people living on low incomes have always wanted to live in the city center in developed countries.

•  Residents living in the center of cities in the developed world are less likely to be people with low incomes.

•  The older, deteriorating part of a city in developed countries continues to be densely inhabited by poor people.

•  Very few people with low incomes can afford to buy a house in the city center in developed countries.

請依下文回答第 5 題至第 9 題

On February 3, 1974, the banner headline in the San Francisco Chronicle reads: Hearst Daughter Abducted by Armed Commandos. The young kidnappers, identified as members of SLA (Symbionese Liberation Army), carreid Patty Hearst blindfolded and screaming from her apartment. After eight days of silence, the SLA made contact, Patty's thin, halting voice on a tape recording sighed that she is ok. Then came the 5 terms from the SLA. The Hearsts must provide food for all of the California's people in need or their daughter would be executed.

Several million dollars worth of food was given away to the needy in the next weeks, and the Hearsts Foundation place $4 million more in escrow to be used for futher food giveaways providing that the victim be returned unharmed. Scheduled to be released to return home, Patty startled everyone with the announcement that she had decided to join the SLA, and had renounced her former lifestyle, 6 her parents, and taken the name Tania.

What were those changes? How could a captive become a 7 , and changed so dramatically in so short a time? Mrs. Hearst claimed that her daughter would never join that kind of organization without being coerced.

Speculation as the type of coercive control exercised over gentle, fragile Patty to 8 her into tough-minded Tania ran the gamut from drugs and hypnosis to torture, sexual abuse and brainwashing. These explanations had in common the notion that Patty Hearst was a passive, brutalized victim made vulnerable to exotic mind-control tactics that overwhelmed her reason and resistance.

The reasonableness of such justifications became somewhat 9 when on April 15 she participated with the SLA in an armed robbery of a bank----in full view of TV monitors. Still harder to account for were her actions a month later when she saved two of her captors by covering their escape from arrest with a spray of bullets from her automatic rifle.

請依下文回答第

10

題至第

13

題

In the general survey of Chinese art and Chinese life, the conviction must have been forced upon us that the Chinese are past masters in the art of living. There is a certain whole-hearted concentration on the material life, a certain zest in living, which is mellower, perhaps deeper, just as intense as in the West. In China the spiritual values have not been separated from the material values, but rather help man in a keener enjoyment of life as it falls to our 10 .

This accounts for our joviality and our incorrigible humor. A 11 can have a special devotion to the life of the present and envelop both spiritual and material values in one outlook, which is difficult for a Christian to imagine.

We live the life of the senses and the life of the spirit at the same moment, and see no necessary conflict, for the human spirit is used to beautify life, to 12 its essence, perhaps to help it overcome what ugliness and pain are in the world. But the human spirit is never used to escape from life and find its meaning in a life hereafter.

In reply to a question by a disciple on death, Confucius once said: Don't know life, how know death? In so saying, he expressed there a 13 bourgeois, unmetaphysical and practical attitude toward the problems of life and knowledge which has characterized our national life and thinking.

第 14 題至第 16 題為篇章結構題組，各題請依文意從四個選項中選出最合適者，答案選用不能重覆。

Weather experts are able to predict bad weather better than ever before thanks to satellites, high-altitude balloons, and radar stations. 14 So, scientists are working to improve their tornado predictions. Doppler is a type of radar that identifies weather conditions based on the flow and speed of objects through the air. Scientist Joshua Wurman was the first to put Doppler radar equipment on a vehicle and drive it into the path of a tornado. 'I invented the Doppler on Wheels back in the 1990s because I was frustrated that we couldn't see enough detail inside tornados and hurricanes. We had blurry images of all these things and in order to really understand the physics -- the math of what is going on inside a tornado, how exactly are they forming, how strong are the winds right at the surface -- we need to get up very, very, close.' Mr. Wurman heads the Center for Severe Weather Research in Boulder, a city in the western state of Colorado. He has put his Doppler radar equipment on large trucks. 15 They send out radio waves that hit objects in the air -- like raindrops, and birds. Mr. Wurman and his colleagues sit inside the truck and study the computer images formed by the signals that return. 'I'm seeing it through the computers and through the radar screens, which are making three-dimensional images of the wind and the debris and the rain and hail, flowing around the storm.' 16 Doppler on Wheels has been close to over 200 tornados so far.

• 14  The high-powered antennas continuously turn in circles.

•  Information gathered by the instruments could help builders design stronger homes in areas where such dangerous storms are common.

•  But for many years these experts have incorrectly predicted tornado formation giving false warnings about 75 percent of the time.

•  Using information from satellites, stationary radar networks, and computer models, the team finds a storm that could become a tornado and drives the truck right into that area.

• 15  The high-powered antennas continuously turn in circles.

•  Information gathered by the instruments could help builders design stronger homes in areas where such dangerous storms are common.

•  But for many years these experts have incorrectly predicted tornado formation giving false warnings about 75 percent of the time.

•  Using information from satellites, stationary radar networks, and computer models, the team finds a storm that could become a tornado and drives the truck right into that area.

• 16  The high-powered antennas continuously turn in circles.

•  Information gathered by the instruments could help builders design stronger homes in areas where such dangerous storms are common.

•  But for many years these experts have incorrectly predicted tornado formation giving false warnings about 75 percent of the time.

•  Using information from satellites, stationary radar networks, and computer models, the team finds a storm that could become a tornado and drives the truck right into that area.

請依下文回答第 17 題至第 20 題

Gamblers, by definition, are optimists. They can win only by beating the odds, and-over the long term-the odds cannot be beaten. But what about the short term? Many gamblers believe winning streaks, known as 'hot hands,' are real, and that if they are in such a streak it makes sense to keep on betting. Conversely, many also believe bad luck is sure to reverse itself not merely by reverting to the mean, as a statistician would predict, but to the extent that the gambler will recoup his losses. This is known as the gambler's fallacy.

Non-gamblers might reasonably assume both approaches to be equally fantastical. But research by Juemin Xu and Nigel Harvey at University College, London, published in Cognition , has shown that in some areas of gambling hot hands do actually exist. Conversely, and just as oddly, they found that in these same areas the gambler's fallacy is yet more fallacious than a statistician would predict. Punters who continue to punt after losing do not even manage to revert to the mean.

Using the power of the Internet to round up a huge sample, the two researchers examined 565,915 bets made by 776 people on sports such as horse-racing and football. Because these were online bets their timing could be established precisely. Ms. Xu and Dr. Harvey looked at winning and losing streaks up to six bets long.

The probability of a first bet winning was 48% and that of a follow-up winning again was 49%. After that, the streak took off. The third bet won 57% of the time. The fourth, if the third had won, won 67% of the time, the fifth, 72% of it and the sixth 75%. As for the losers, after ploughing their first bets, their success with their second slipped to 47% and thence held at 45%.

The explanation of the puzzle, Ms. Xu and Dr. Harvey found, was not that Lady Luck actually does smile on winners and frown on losers. Rather, as winners' winning streaks increased in length they started choosing safer and safer odds, which led them to win more often, though less profitably. In contrast, those who had experienced a losing streak went for ever riskier bets, making it more likely the streak would continue.

Hot hands, then, are real. But they are created by a gambler's behavior rather than by fortune's wheel. The gambler's fallacy, though, is made worse by his behavior. The moral is to believe in maths, not luck, and probably not to bother betting in the first place.

20 What is true of Ms. Xu and Dr. Harvey's research?

 It employed a huge sample from the Internet.

 It focused on football betting only.

 The researchers looked at winning and losing streaks up to 5 bets long.

 The research finding had not been published yet.

請依下文回答第 21 題至第 25 題

Too much of America's foreign aid funds what I call authoritarian development in foreign countries. That's when the international community-experts from the U.N. and other bodies-swoop into third-world countries and offer purely technical assistance to dictatorships like Uganda or Ethiopia on how to solve poverty.

Unfortunately, dictators' sole motivation is to stay in power. So the development experts may get some roads built, but they are not maintained. Experts may sink boreholes for clean water, but the wells break down. Individuals do not have the political rights to protest disastrous public services, so dictators are left with cash and services to prop themselves up-while punishing their enemies.

But there is another model: free development. Poor individuals, asserting their political and economic rights, motivate government and private sectors to solve their problems or to give them the means to solve their own problems.

Compare free development in Botswana with authoritarian development in Ethiopia. In Ethiopia in 2010, Human Rights Watch documented how the autocrat Meles Xenawi selectively withheld aid-financed famine relief from everyone except ruling-party members. Meanwhile democratic Botswana, although drought-prone like Ethiopia, has enjoyed decades of success in preventing famine. Government relief directed by local activists goes wherever drought strikes.

In the postwar period, countries such as Chile, Japan, South Korea and Taiwan have successfully followed path of free development-often in spite of international aid, not because of it. While foreign policy concerns have often led America to prop up dictatorial regimes, we need a new rule: no democracy, no aid. If we truly want to help the poor, we can't accept the dictators' false bargain: ignore our rights abuses, and meet the material needs of those we oppress. Instead, we must advocate that the poor have the same rights as the rich everywhere, so they can aid themselves.

• 24 What do Botswana and Ethiopia have in common?



They are both drought-stricken.

 Both are severely criticized by human rights groups.

 Leaders in both countries use aid to prop themselves up.

 Foreign aid successfully prevents famine in both countries.

25 Which of the following is true?

 Uganda is criticized for its human rights abuses.  Chile wants the West to ignore its human rights abuses.  The U.N. focuses its assistance on human rights in Africa.

 Countries following the free-development model ignore human rights.

• 105 年公務人員特種考試關務人員考試、

• 105 年公務人員特種考試身心障礙人員考試及 代號： 60220

• 105 年國軍上校以上軍官轉任公務人員考試試題

考 試 別：

國軍上校以上軍官轉任公務人員考試

等 別：

中將轉任考試

類 科：

一般行政

科 目：

行政學研究

考試時間 ：

3 小時

※注意：

 禁止使用電子計算器。

 不必抄題，作答時請將試題題號及答案依照順序寫在試卷上，於本試題上作答者，不予計分。

• 一、著名的政治思想家盧梭（ Rousseau ）曾倡議公投式民主（ plebiscitary democracy ） ，主 張由全體民眾透過多數決來決定所有的公共政策。請問您對於此一倡議有何看法？ （ 40 分）

• 二、如何端正國軍政風、落實肅貪防弊，以期確保國軍戰力並提升民眾對政府的信心， 是我國行政學術與實務研究上的重要議題。試闡述國防部在推動廉政建設的工作 上，所應注意的面向與作為。 （ 30 分）

• 三、何謂政策工具？政府在面對特定社會問題時，到底有那些政策工具可資運用？試以 檳榔問題為例舉例說明之。 （ 30 分）

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座號：

• 105 年公務人員特種考試關務人員考試、

• 105 年公務人員特種考試身心障礙人員考試及 代號： 60230

• 105 年國軍上校以上軍官轉任公務人員考試試題

考 試 別：

國軍上校以上軍官轉任公務人員考試

等 別：

中將轉任考試

類 科：

一般行政

科 目：

問題分析與解決

考試時間 ：

3 小時

※注意：  禁止使用電子計算器。

 不必抄題，作答時請將試題題號及答案依照順序寫在試卷上，於本試題上作答者，不予計分。

• 一、前不久，鄰近某愛國者飛彈基地的某縣市居民，因為對相關工程的興建事前毫不知 情，又對可能引發的安全問題充滿疑慮，而嚴詞抨擊簡直是「先斬後奏」；國防部 人員面對激憤的群情，努力說明此種機動性強的高科技戰力，能更精確、有效地協 助領空安全，希望民眾多支持；一有緊急狀況立刻移走，不至於對基地周邊造成安 全威脅。您奉命運用適切的問題解決方法或工具，分析這樁摩擦事件的問題所在， 並提報兼顧提升臺灣國防安全戰力和滿足民眾資訊透明需求的解決對策。請說明您 的處理作法。 （ 50 分）

• 二、您在通過轉任考試獲派接掌某機構後，上級推薦貴機關參與行政院「政府服務品質 獎」 ，您因此召集所屬同仁展開各項分工。不久卻傳出「參獎是新到任首長求個人表 現」的流言；負責彙整撰寫的工作小組，有成員因為參獎報告書遭長官「一改再改」 出現反彈情緒；更有人因既有工作與參獎準備「蠟燭兩頭燒」而緊急住院。您身為 機關首長，請運用適切的問題解決方法或工具，分析問題所在？並說明如何處理這 些問題？為何如此處理？（ 50 分）

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