私醫聯招 英文歷屆試題｜全部題目＋答案＋詳解（第 10 頁）

The tropical boxfish, roughly the shape of a box, looks as if it would have trouble moving through the water.  (21) , the boxfish is in fact an excellent swimmer that cuts through the water extremely smoothly. Ronald Fricke and his colleagues created a model which was placed inside a wind tunnel, a  (22)  that was used to study how air moved around solid objects. Amazingly, the boxfish shape reportedly performed over 65 percent better than today’s compact cars. It should be possible to  (23)  an efficient shape for use in the body of a car to reduce its air resistance. Less air resistance would mean less fuel required to run a car—something which is  (24)  to all drivers in times of expensive fuel. Thus, engineers set to work to try to solve the  (25)  of how this unlikely shape could be so efficient. Their efforts were rewarded, and the car they created would be the Mercedes Bionic concept car.

Human migration is the permanent change of  (26)  by an individual or group; it excludes movements such as nomadism, migrant labor, commuting, and tourism, all of which are transitory in nature. Migrations fall into several broad  (27) . First, internal and international migrations may be distinguishable. Within any country there are movements of individuals and families from one area to another (for example, from rural areas to the cities), and this is  (28)  movements from one country to another. Migrating to a new country is more complicated. Second, migration may be voluntary or forced. Most voluntary migration, internal or external, is undertaken  (29)  better economic opportunities or housing. Forced migrations usually involve people who  (30)  by governments during war or other political upheavals or who have been forcibly transported as slaves or prisoners. Intermediate between these two types of migrations are the voluntary migrations of refugees fleeing from war, famine, or natural disasters.

Languages are  (31)  complex and wonderfully complicated organs of culture: they  (32)  the quickest and the most efficient means of communicating within their respective culture. To learn a foreign language is to learn another culture; in a poet’s words, “As many languages as one speaks, so many lives one lives.” A culture and its languages are as  (33)  as brain and body: while one is a part of the other, neither can function without the other. In learning a foreign language, the best beginning is with the  (34)  linguistic elements of the language, such as its gestures, and its body language. Eye contact is extremely important in English. Direct eye contact  (35)  understanding, or, as the English maxim has it, seeing eye-to-eye. We can never see eye-to-eye with native speakers of English until we have learned to look directly into their eyes.

Are you too concerned about your weight? Do you try everything you can just to make yourself look better? It is not a bad thing to lose weight moderately but you have to be aware of the risk of anorexia. Individuals with anorexia have a tendency to control weight recklessly by means of throwing up, intensive exercise or intended starvation. All of them eventually will lead to weight loss desired by the patients and at the time, loss of appetite, too. However, once they are skinny, the patients may still be on a diet or exercise frantically because they feel that they are not slim enough. As a result, in the most severe cases, anorexia can lead to death because of heart failure or other problems. The most difficult part of the treatment is that sufferers do not want to admit that they have problems; so, they do not want a cure. Therefore, people with eating disorder problems should not hesitate to seek medical help. With professional counseling and nutritional supports, most patients are able to learn to deal with their fear of eating and go back to their normal eating habits.

As adolescents begin to explore romantic relationships and sex, many teens experience violence in dating, which can include physical violence (e.g., being hit or kicked), emotional violence (e.g., threats or bullying designed to harm self-worth), and sexual violence (being forced to engage in sexual activity against one’s will). Roughly 25% of adolescents report these experiences and these youths often do not do well in school and suffer from mental health and behavioral problems.

Of the various kinds of dating violence, scientists list some possible factors that place adolescents at risk for sexual violence. One of the most important factors is alcohol use: Heavy drinking usually impairs a female’s ability to send a clear message regarding her intentions. Females are also more at risk when they adhere to more traditional gender stereotypes, because their view of the female gender role includes being relatively submissive to a male’s desires.

What factors make teenage boys likely to commit acts of violence? One contributing factor is a boy’s home life: Boys are more at risk when they were abused as children or witnessed domestic violence, because this leads them to believe that violence is a normal part of romantic relationships.

According to a study, the level of dating violence is surprisingly high in boys who have just begun to date. At the start of high school, about one boy in seven admits to having perpetrated violence, which underscores the importance of effective prevention programs. One effective program for reducing sexual violence is “Safe Dates.” Targeted for middle- and high-school students, the program features a brief play, a poster contest, and nine hour-long interactive sessions devoted to topics such as how to overcome gender stereotypes and how to prevent sexual assaults. Teens who participate in “Safe Dates” are less likely to be victims of sexual violence and are less likely to perpetrate it.

There remained an appreciation for the artistic qualities of certain kinds of graffiti. Some of the more famous graffiti artists even started their own art galleries, which leads to the idea that not all forms of graffiti were destructive. Even so, the idea of graffiti as art was still not widely accepted, and the art form remained outside the mainstream—that is, until the appearance of the mysterious graffiti artist Banksy. Banksy is a secretive graffiti artist from the UK, whose graffiti art started appearing in the late 1990s. Banksy takes great care to hide his identity. His graffiti usually involves humorous pictures with anti-authority slogans. Banksy likes to take risks in order to draw attention to his ideas and works. In one set of schemes, Banksy snuck into world-famous museums and galleries and hung up his own artwork next to that of the masters. In many of these places, his addition was not discovered until days later. Banksy somehow managed to do all this without getting caught by the police. In time, his actions attracted the attention of the news and the general public. While still creating his secretive street art, he also started to sell his works through a gallery. Famous actors and musicians became interested in collecting his works. Since his first works went on auction, Banksy and his art have only become more popular, more expensive, and more a part of public awareness. His fans want to follow his upward trajectory from the outlaw spraying walls in Bristol, England, during the 1990s to the artist whose work commands hundreds of thousands of dollars in the auction houses of Britain and America. Today, he has “bombed” cities from Vienna to San Francisco, Barcelona to Paris and Detroit. And he has moved from graffiti on gritty urban walls to paint on canvas, conceptual sculpture and even film, with the guileful documentary Exit Through the Gift Shop, which was nominated for an Academy Award. Many people criticize Banksy for relying on easy satire, his emphasis on anonymity, and the lack of any proposals for the future, failing to contribute anything other than relatability to society. But it is undeniable that thanks to Banksy, ideas about what is or is not art have been revised, and this outsider art form has been brought inside today’s galleries and museums.