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私醫聯招 英文歷屆試題｜第 142 題

103 學年度

Traditionally, mental tests have been divided into two types. Achievement tests are designed to measure acquired skills and knowledge, particularly those that have been explicitly taught. The proficiency exams required by some states for high school graduation are achievement tests. Aptitude tests are designed to measure a person’s ability to acquire new skills or knowledge. For example, vocational aptitude tests can help you decide whether you would do better as a mechanic or musician. However, all mental tests are in a sense achievement tests because they assume some sort of past learning or experience with certain objects, words, or situations. The difference between achievement and aptitude tests is one of degree and intended use.

Which of the following conclusions can be drawn from this passage?
  1. Aptitude and achievement tests are interchangeable.
  2. An aptitude test might be helpful to a person contemplating a career move.
  3. All high school students should take proficiency exams.
  4. Tests are a means of acquiring skills and knowledge.
提示
文中舉例性向測驗可幫助判斷「適合當技工還是音樂家」。
正確答案

正解：B

詳解
A. 文章強調兩者差異僅在於程度與用途，並非可互換使用，此選項與文意不符。
B. 文中舉例性向測驗能幫助判斷個人適合從事的職業（如技工或音樂家），故對正在考慮職涯方向的人有幫助，此結論可從文中推得，為正解。
C. 文章僅提及部分州要求的能力測驗屬於成就測驗，並未主張「所有」高中生都應接受，此選項推論過度，不合文意。
D. 文章指出測驗是用來「衡量」已習得的技能與知識，而非「獲取」技能與知識的方式，此選項因果關係顛倒，不合文意。

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