私醫聯招 英文歷屆試題｜第 571 題

Cross-species transplantation offers the prospect of an unlimited supply of organs and cells for clinical transplantation, thus resolving the critical shortage of human tissues that currently prohibits a majority of patients on the waiting list from receiving transplants.  (21)  scientifically as xenotransplantation, transplants of organs and tissues from animals to human actually have a long history. There are records of xenotransplantation attempts  (22)  the 17th century. Between the 17th and 20th centuries, blood was transfused from various animal species into patients with a variety of pathological conditions. Skin implants were carried out in the 19th century from  (23)  animals, with frogs being the most popular. In the 1920s, Voronoff advocated the transplantation of slices of chimpanzee testicles into aged men  (24)  “zest for life” were deteriorating, believing that the hormones produced by the testicles would rejuvenate his patients. Following the pioneering surgical work of Carrel,  (25) , numerous attempts at non-human primate organ transplantation in patients were carried out in the 20th century.