102 年公務人員升官等考試、 102 年關務人員升官等考試 102 年交通事業郵政、港務、公路人員升資考試試題 代號 ： 全一頁 14610 -19310 30210 -30410

等別(級)： 簡任

類科(別)： 技術類-公務、技術類-關務

科 目： 策略規劃與問題解決

考試時間：

2 小時

※注意：

 禁止使用電子計算器。

 不必抄題，作答時請將試題題號及答案依照順序寫在試卷上，於本試題上作答者，不予計分。

• 一、成本效益分析為輔助決策方法之一，請分析貨幣化成本效益分析的優點與缺失。 （ 15 分）

• 二、由於科技與技術之推陳出新，政府法令常有不足之處，

•  請例舉案例；（ 5 分）

•  請研擬預防與管理制度。（ 15 分）

• 三、氣候變遷為未來須面臨及解決之問題，

•  請說明氣候變遷之產生原因；（ 10 分）

•  請說明氣候變遷對臺灣之影響項目與情形；（ 10 分）

•  對上述各項可能影響項目，請研擬政府之因應對策。（ 20 分）

• 四、關於決策與策略規劃時，經常面臨不確定性（ uncertainty ）的情況，

•  請說明不確定性之種類；（ 10 分）

•  請依上述各類不確定性說明因應方法。（ 15 分）

座號：

• 102 年公務人員升官等考試、 102 年關務人員升官等考試

• 102 年交通事業郵政、港務、公路人員升資考試試題

代號：

10120 - 19320

30120 - 30420

頁次：

4 － 1

等別 ( 級 )

：簡任

類科 ( 別 )

：各類科 - 公務、各類別 - 關務

科

目：中華民國憲法與英文

考試時間：

2 小時

座號：

※注意：禁止使用電子計算器。

甲、申論題部分：（ 50 分）

 不必抄題，作答時請將試題題號及答案依照順序寫在申論試卷上，於本試題上作答者，不予計分。  請以藍、黑色鋼筆或原子筆在申論試卷上作答。

• 一、何謂「依法行政」？「依法行政」和憲法有何關聯性？並請具體舉例說明之。 （ 25 分）

• 二、外國勞工薪資與本國勞工薪資是否應相同或脫鈎，向來有不同之爭論，有的以國內 經濟發展角度出發，有的以國際人權角度出發，都有各自可能合理的論點。請問以 上「各該贊成或反對論點的內容」和「憲法」有什麼關聯性？請從憲法的角度提出 自己的論點。（ 25 分）

乙、測驗題部分：（ 50

分） 代號：

2101

•  本測驗試題為單一選擇題，請選出一個正確或最適當的答案，複選作答者，該題不予計分。

•  共 25 題，每題 2 分，須用 2B 鉛筆在試卡上依題號清楚劃記，於本試題或申論試卷上作答者，不予計分。

• 1 A computer modeling was performed to what would happen to the nuclear reactor in a severe accident, such as the loss of all electric power.

•  absorb

•  assess

•  convert

•  delay

• 2 When Jane was asked for detailed information, we all wondered if we could trust her of the event that happened so long ago.

•  catastrophes

•  proportions

•  reminiscences

•  supplements

• 3 Martha, like many people, has a self-esteem ; even though she is smart and good-looking, she never thinks much of herself.

•  analysis

•  hardship

•  issue

•  subject

• 4 Roberta cared so much for her students that she often felt like a parent to them, and she missed them dearly when they graduated.

•  metaphysical

•  paramount

•  representative

•  surrogate

• 5 When a company is bankrupt, it often has to its assets in order to pay part of its debts.

•  confiscate

•  devastate

•  liquidate

•  propagate

• 6 The recruited volunteers have to receive 80 hours of training before they are allowed to become members of rescue teams.

•  disposable

•  mandatory

•  prodigal

•  vicious

• 7 People with strong ethnic identities tend to experience high group pride and display a stronger to their ethnic group.

•  advancement

•  commitment

•  disposition

•  patriotism

8 According to a research, women's hotel preferences are very different from men's with key on safety and comfort.

•  anxieties

•  escorts

•  motifs

•  priorities

• 9 The top of the Taipei 101 commands a view of the Taipei city. It has become the most popular tourist attraction in Taipei.

•  devastating

•  pessimistic

•  spectacular

•  transparent

10 David's of his hobby is increasingly distracting him from his work. Having a hobby is good, but he shouldn't let it influence his life.

•  confession

•  knowledge

•  pursuit

•  rationale

• 11 Ever since Daniel started his lung cancer treatment, he has suffered through the effects of the medicine.

•  brutish

•  debilitating

•  ineradicable

•  marginal

• 12 In order to have a blood test, the nurse stuck a needle into a in Rachel's arm.

•  wound

•  cell

•  hole

•  vessel

• 13 This piece of jade was made in the Han dynasty. It is not just valuable-it is absolutely .

•  colossal

•  hilarious

•  outrageous

•  priceless

• 14 The book, Battle Hymn of the Tiger Mother , chronicles the author's iron-willed decision to raise her daughters her way, the Chinese way, and the remarkable results her choice inspires.

•  In the book, the author examines the Chinese method of parenting with her iron will.

•  It's a book about how and why the author's daughters find her iron will inspiring.

•  The book describes how inspiring a Chinese mother thinks raising children is.

•  The book is about how the author chooses to raise her children and what the result is.

• 15 Countries that send migrants abroad want to make sure that expatriates do not become ex-patriots.

•  Countries with migrants abroad want to ensure their patriotism remains unchanged.

•  Countries that send migrants abroad want to make sure that expatriates do not return.



Countries with patriotic migrants abroad are quite certain that their migrators remain patriotic.

•  Countries with foreign immigrants want to guarantee the immigrants are patriotic to the new country.

• 16 Pure love and suspicion cannot dwell together: at the door where the latter enters, the former makes its exit.

•  There is no love without suspicion.

•  Love and suspicion are roommates.

•  Love without suspicion is not pure love.

•  Pure love and suspicion are incompatible.

請依下文回答第 17 題至第 21 題

One of the most legendary stories of alchemy is that of Nicholas Flamel. According to the legend, he lived in Paris during the 14th century, where he worked as a copyist. During the performance of his duties, he came across a very large and very ancient book, bound in brass and written on papyrus leaves gilded with gold.

The writing on the cover was in a strange and unknown language, and the book was organized into three sections of seven leaves each. Strange images and figures were painted on the seventh leaf of each section, including a virgin being swallowed by serpents, a serpent being crucified on a cross, and a beautiful landscape watered by fountains from which many writhing serpents emerged.

Nicholas spent many years in deciphering the writings and the symbols of the book which, of course, included instruction in the process of transmuting base metals into gold. His difficulty was that the secret ingredient, the Philosopher's Stone, was encoded within the paintings, and these he could not figure out. Finally he found a doctor, a Christianized Jew, who was able to help him decode the secret of the magical stone. Nicholas returned to his laboratories in Paris in the company of the doctor, who unfortunately fell sick and died on the way. But after three years of experimentation, Nicholas finally succeeded in producing the 'prime agent' of transmutation, and he and his wife became quite wealthy as a result. By the beginning of the 15th century, they had founded fourteen hospitals, built three chapels, endowed seven churches, and restored cemeteries in Paris and Boulogne. Thus, Nicholas proved himself truly worthy of the secret ingredient of alchemy, by using the profits from his discovery to help humanity rather than solely to enrich himself.

17 Before he came across the ancient book, what was Nicholas Flamel?

•  An alchemist

•  An artisan

•  A copyist

•  A priest

18 Which material is NOT used to produce the ancient book Flamel came across?

•  Brass

•  Gold

•  Silver

•  Papyrus

19 Which of the following statements is true about the ancient book?

•  The language on the cover was written in French.

•  There were altogether 18 pages missing from the book.

•  There were 5 paintings gilded with gold inside the book.

•  Snakes were the major animals drawn in the book.

20 Who helped Nicholas to decipher the secret of the Philosopher's Stone?

•  A Frenchman

•  A Jew

•  A virgin

•  A philosopher

21 Which of the following words best describes the character of Nicholas?

•  Generous

•  Greedy

•  Optimistic

•  Pessimistic

請依下文回答第 22 題至第 25 題

If you cheated on your spouse, would you admit it to a researcher? That question is one of the biggest challenges in the scientific study of marriage. 22 Surveys conducted in person are likely to underestimate the real rate of adultery because people are reluctant to admit such behavior not just to their spouses but to anyone. For example, researchers from the University of Colorado and Texas A&M surveyed 4,884 married women, using face-to-face interviews and anonymous computer questionnaires. 23 In contrast, on the computer questionnaire, more than 6 percent did.

A handful of new studies suggest surprising changes in the marital landscape in the United States. 24 For example, University of Washington researchers have found that the lifetime rate of infidelity for men over 60 increased from 20 to 28 percent to 15 percent. 25 About 20 percent of men and 15 percent of women under 35 say they have ever been unfaithful, up from about 15 and 12 percent, respectively, over the past fifteen years. While infidelity rates do appear to be rising, a vast majority of people still say adultery is wrong, and most men and women do not appear to be unfaithful.

• 22  Notably, a surprisingly increasing number of younger women appear to be cheating on their spouses.

•  Their findings show that infidelity appears to be on the rise, particularly among older people and young couples.

•  At the same time, experts say that surveys appearing in sources like women's magazines may overstate the adultery rate.

•  And interestingly, it helps explain why different studies produce different estimates of infidelity rates in the United States.

• 23  The researchers also see big changes in relatively new marriages in younger couples.

•  In the interviews, only 1 percent of women said they had been unfaithful to their husbands in the past year.

•  At the same time, experts say that surveys appearing in sources like women's magazines may overstate the adultery rate.

•  And interestingly, it helps explain why different studies produce different estimates of infidelity rates in the United States.

• 24  Notably, a surprisingly increasing number of younger women appear to be cheating on their spouses.

•  In the interviews, only 1 percent of women said they had been unfaithful to their husbands in the past year.

•  Their findings show that infidelity appears to be on the rise, particularly among older people and young couples.

•  At the same time, experts say that surveys appearing in sources like women's magazines may overstate the adultery rate.

• 25  The researchers also see big changes in relatively new marriages in younger couples.

•  Notably, a surprisingly increasing number of younger women appear to be cheating on their spouses.

•  Their findings show that infidelity appears to be on the rise, particularly among older people and young couples.

•  At the same time, experts say that surveys appearing in sources like women's magazines may overstate the adultery rate.

102 年公務人員升官等考試、 102 年關務人員升官等考試 102 年交通事業郵政、港務、公路人員升資考試試題 代號 ： 14640 全一頁

等別(級)： 簡任

類科(別)： 農業技術

科 目： 作物育種學研究

考試時間：

2 小時

※注意：

 禁止使用電子計算器。

 不必抄題，作答時請將試題題號及答案依照順序寫在試卷上，於本試題上作答者，不予計分。

• 一、何謂生物多樣性公約？主要目的為何？試就作物育種相關之議題，說明臺灣這些年 來之努力成果。（ 25 分）

• 二、在農地活化政策指導下，許多雜糧作物再度被重視，這些作物大多屬於異交作物， 請就高粱、薏苡及蕎麥三種雜糧作物，任舉一例，說明其育種特性及族群內改良之 育種策略。（ 25 分）

• 三、作物育種雖已進展至分子育種之層次，但作物育種家對一些質的性狀之改良大多仍 採用回交育種法，請述說其理由為何？是否有結合傳統育種法之策略，舉一項應用 實例說明其基本步驟，並說明其優越性。（ 25 分）

• 四、褐飛蝨為水稻重要害蟲，經幾十年育種仍無法獲得一個耐久性的抗蟲品種，理由為 何？有那些策略可維持水稻耐蟲之穩定性？（ 25 分）

座號：

102 年公務人員升官等考試、 102 年關務人員升官等考試 102 年交通事業郵政、港務、公路人員升資考試試題 代號 ： 14630

等別(級)： 簡任

類科(別)： 農業技術

科 目： 試驗設計研究

考試時間：

2 小時

※注意：

 可以使用電子計算器。

 不必抄題，作答時請將試題題號及答案依照順序寫在試卷上，於本試題上作答者，不予計分。

• 一、一般的研究論文在其「材料與方法」提到試驗者使用區集設計時，大多使用 4 個區 集。但是在一些試驗區集數（ number of blocks ，或稱 number of replicates ）的需求 可能需要更多一些。在一個裂區設計的田間試驗規劃階段，試驗者考慮兩個參試因 子：第一因子是「不同的栽培作物」，一共有 4 個變級施於主試區（ whole plot, main plot ）﹔第二因子是「播種深淺」，一共有 2 個變級施於副試區（ split plot, subplot ）。試驗者必須在實際田間試驗開始之前反覆思考試驗田的大小、區集的多 寡等問題，因為機差自由度不夠高的試驗無法取信於人。請回答下列有關於重複數 （區集數）的問題：

•  若是區集數為 4 ，則請問主區機差自由度為何？（ 8 分）

•  為了使主區機差自由度超過 10 ，請問至少需要設置幾個區集？（ 8 分）

•  接題  ，此時相對應的副區機差自由度為何？（ 9 分）

• 二、統計分析是一種資料處理的程序（ procedure ），變方分析是屬於此程序中初步的正 式分析，一般教科書上稱其為初步變方分析（ preliminary analysis of variance ）。現 今的統計分析均強調探索性分析（ exploratory analysis ），亦即繪製圖形與製作圖表， 以探索資料所蘊含之訊息，例如：盒鬚圖（ boxplot ）、柱形圖（ histogram ）、星布 圖（ scatter plot ）、摘要統計量表（ table of summary statistics ）、交感圖（ interaction plot ）等。在做完探索分析後，才開始第一階段的正式分析，亦即變方分析。在此 階段確認因子效應顯著之後，才繼續第二階段的統計分析工作，例如對於試驗者關 心的特定對比進行估算，以及求算此等對比的信賴區間等。一般田間試驗區集數 （ number of blocks ）的多寡對此兩階段的統計推論均有影響。請回答下列問題：

•  請問區集數的多寡對於第一階段（主要是「 F 檢定」）的影響為何？（ 12 分）

•  請問區集數的多寡對於第二階段（主要是「估算」）的影響為何？（ 13 分）

第一頁

座號：

102 年公務人員升官等考試、 102 年關務人員升官等考試 102 年交通事業郵政、港務、公路人員升資考試試題 代號 ： 14630

等別(級)： 簡任

類科(別)： 農業技術

科 目： 試驗設計研究

三、有一生技產品開發業者希望篩選出對於某種疾病抗體生產的有利因子，他考慮了 6 個可能的影響因子，對於每個因子設定 2 個變級，並且以解析度為 IV 的部分因子 試驗設計（ fractional factorial with resolution IV ）進行試驗與記錄抗體的產出量。下 列的表列出 6 個可能的影響因子的低變級（ low level ）與高變級（ high level ）組合 及抗體產出值。為了方便起見，我們以代碼表示此等 6 個因子。

請回答下列與此篩選試驗相關之問題。

 請計算上表中之 6 個因子的主效應估計值。（ 12 分）

第二頁

102 年公務人員升官等考試、 102 年關務人員升官等考試 102 年交通事業郵政、港務、公路人員升資考試試題 代號 ： 14630

等別(級)： 簡任

類科(別)： 農業技術

科 目： 試驗設計研究

•  下圖是根據 15 個效應值做成的 Q-Q 圖，這 15 個效應包括： 6 個主效應、 7 個 一次交感效應及 2 個二次交感效應之估值。

上圖中之單一字母，如： A 、 B 、 E 、 F 為主效應之代表符號，兩個字母者，例如： A:E 、 A:F 、 B:E 則為一次交感效應（兩因子交感效應之代號）。請問根據上圖可 判斷出 6 個因子中那幾個因子對抗體的產出有顯著的影響。（ 13 分）

• 四、試驗者考慮兩個重要的影響因子對於某一種生技產品的產出值，他以中心複合設計 （ central composite design ）的方式進行了兩因子 9 個組合的試驗，其中，中心點重 複了 3 次，結果獲得 11 個觀測值。透過此 11 個觀測值配適一個反應曲面函數如下：

• 上式中之 1 X 為第一個因子的數值， 2 X 為第二個因子的數值。請回答下列相關問題：

•  請說明何謂「中心複合設計」以及此種設計的特點。（ 12 分）

•  請根據上述的反應曲面函數求出「最適當」的因子數值使得產量 Y 達到最大值。 （ 13 分）