70210

代號：

106 年公務人員特種考試關務人員考試、 106 年公務人員特種考試 身心障礙人員考試及 106 年國軍上校以上軍官轉任公務人員考試試題

考 試 別：國軍上校以上軍官轉任公務人員考試

等

別：少將轉任考試

類

科：一般行政

科

目：中華民國憲法與英文

考試時間：

2 小時

座號：

※注意：禁止使用電子計算器。

頁次：

4

－

1

• 甲、申論題部分：（

50 分）

•  不必抄題，作答時請將試題題號及答案依照順序寫在申論試卷上，於本試題上作答者，不予計分。

 請以藍、黑色鋼筆或原子筆在申論試卷上作答。

• 一、我國憲法曾經多次修正，請說明現行我國修憲程序為何（包括機關、門檻等相關規 定）？（ 25 分）

• 二、依我國現行憲法及增修條文規定，那些政府機關人員應由總統提名，立法院同意後 任命？那些政府機關人員應由行政院院長提名，由總統任命？（ 25 分）

• 乙、測驗題部分：（

50

分） 代號：

1702

 本測驗試題為單一選擇題，請選出一個正確或最適當的答案，複選作答者，該題不予計分。

 共 25 題，每題 2 分，須用 2B 鉛筆在試卡上依題號清楚劃記，於本試題或申論試卷上作答者，不予計分。

• 1 Though the human brain constitutes only 2 percent of an adult's body weight, it consumes a fifth of his or her energy.

•  metaphoric

•  metaphysical

•  metamorphic

•  metabolic

• 2 Frost's friends stormed out of court, followed by police who tried to them from the court car park.

•  exempt

•  extort

•  disperse

•  distinguish

• 3 The man was warned by the constable that he was liable to be arrested for if he persisted in seizing the policeman's arm.

•  obstruction

•  obligation

•  oration

•  opposition

• 4 Brenda loves the of the big city. She enjoys the crowds of people and likes to go to many shopping districts.

•  hustle and bustle

•  surf and turf

•  rank and file

•  hook and ladder

• 5 Colorful and vibrant Taiwanese opera performances are a common feature of the religious celebration held in of Mazu's birthday.

•  attendance

•  encouragement

 implication

•  observance

請依下文回答第 6 題至第 10 題

Bryan G can't eat enough food to make himself grow. Poor nutrition makes him so tired he has no strength to play ball or walk through an airport without a wheelchair. Bryan suffers from severe, chronic Crohn's disease. Parts of his small intestine, usually half an inch 6 diameter, are so diseased they are only as wide as a piece of pencil lead. For Crohn's victims, it is nearly impossible to digest and process food. Bryan's disease is so severe he has recently been 7 to receive a rare, experimental stem cell transplant. Stem cells are a basic kind of cell. They 8 the growth of more specific cells. Early experiments indicate that human organs and tissues can be grown from stem cells. The existence of stem cells was first recognized in the 1900s. European scientists realized that all kinds of blood cells, including red, white, and T cells, come from one kind of basic cell, the stem cell. In fact, most adult tissue contains some stem cells in it, 9 when tissue is injured, new cells can be generated. In 1998, researchers isolated and grew stem cells. Such cells were capable of growing for a long time and differentiating into many kinds of cells. Stem cells used in research and surgery usually come from human embryos. Stem cells can be grown from adult tissue, but these stem cells do not seem to last for long, 10 develop into a wide variety of cell types. Thus most of the stem cells in use for research come from embryos or fetuses.

請依下文回答第 11 題至第 15 題

Where food is scarce and violence common, parents may try to cope by marrying their daughters off － usually to much older men － as soon as the girls enter puberty. But the marriages themselves can harm the young brides. Such unions often end girls' educations and 11 significant health risks. Pregnancy is the number one cause of death worldwide among girls between the ages of 15 and 19. And a child is statistically likely to be born within the first two years of marriage.

The number of girls facing these risks is staggering. In the Democratic Republic of the Congo, 12 , 74 percent of girls aged 15 to 19 are married. In Nepal, 7 percent of girls are wedded before they turn 10. Throughout sub-Saharan Africa girls' and women's chances of 13 HIV substantially increase after they marry.

International human rights standards set the minimum age for marriage at 18. Many countries, though, permit individuals under 18 to marry with 14 consent. Often child marriages occur without regard for 15 law. Still, Agrienne Germain, president of the International Women's Health Coalition, which campaigns against early marriage, says a slow wave of change is building. 'What you find today,' she says, 'are older siblings － brothers as well as sisters － standing up for the younger generation and standing against these practices.'

第 16 題至第 20 題為篇章結構題組，下列各題請依文意從四個選項中選出最合適者，答案選用不能重覆。

Regenerative medicine is a field with big ambitions. It hopes, one day, to repair or replace worn-out hearts, livers, kidneys and other vital organs. Many people, though, would settle for a humbler repair-of their teeth.

16 But if work by people such as David Mooney of Harvard University comes to fruition, the days of drill and fill may be numbered. Dr. Mooney and his team have found a surprising way to get dentine, the tissue that underlies a tooth's enamel coat, to repair itself. They do so by shining a laser beam at it.

Regenerative medicine boils down to the intelligent manipulation of stem cells. A stem cell is one that has the capacity to split asymmetrically so that one remains a stem cell while the other gives birth to a line which proliferates and differentiates into many other sorts of cell. The most famous and controversial stem cells are those in early embryos. 17 Mature tissues such as dentine contain stem cells of more limited capacity, which keep up a supply of new specialized cells to replace old ones as they die.

Dr. Mooney's trick is to tickle dentine's stem cells in a way that encourages them to proliferate and produce more dentine. 18 The light it shines creates chemically potent, oxygen-rich molecules such as hydrogen peroxide which go on to activate latent versions of molecules called transforming growth factor-beta 1 (TGF-beta 1).

19 This is a preliminary result, and it does not address the question of whether enamel might similarly be repaired. 20 Eventually, perhaps, dentists will approach cavities with lasers rather than drills-and the days of fillings will be over.

• 16  Dentistry has too much 'drill and fill,' cutting away infected tissue and replacing with alien, artificial materials.

•  Dentistry is widely considered important for overall health.

•  The history of regenerative medicine is almost as ancient as the history of human civilization.

•  Dentistry usually encompasses very important practices related to the oral cavity.

• 17  Enamel coats are distinguished from other cell types.

•  Regenerative medicine is important for living organisms for many reasons.

•  These can turn into any sort of body cell.

•  Laser beams offer new potentials for treating diseases such as diabetes and heart disease.

• 18  Here lasers are used for alignment.

•  And that is where the laser comes in.

•  And that is why we need the light.

•  But how could they be encouraged?

• 19  Dr.Mooney and his team have shown that this works in both tissue cultures and actual (rats') teeth.

•  Dentry usually encompasses very important practices related to the oral cavity.

•  Laser beams offer new potentials for treating diseases such as diabetes and heart disease.

•  A host of clinical applications fail to promote restorative dentistry and regenerative medicine.

• 20  But it is encouraging.

•  But it subverts the previous results.

•  But it is discouraging.

•  But it proves nothing.

請依下文回答第 21 題至第 25 題

There are certain things that are fundamental to human fulfillment. The essence of these needs is captured in the phrase 'to live, to love, to learn, to leave a legacy.' The need to live is our physical need for such things as food, clothing, shelter, economic well-being, and health. The need to love is our social need to relate to other people, to belong, to love, to be loved. The need to learn is our mental need to develop and to grow. And the need to leave a legacy is our spiritual need to have a sense of meaning, purpose, personal congruence, and contribution. The importance of these needs has been recognized in the classic, philosophical, and religious literature that deals specifically with the art of living. If these basic needs aren't met, we feel empty, incomplete. We may try to fill the void through addiction. Or we may become temporarily satisfied with partial fulfillment. But whether or not we fully acknowledge or address these needs on a conscious level, deep inside we know they're there. And they're important. We can validate them through the experience of other people and through our combined experience that stretches around the globe and throughout time.

• 21 The word 'captured' in 'The essence of these needs is captured in the phrase 'to live, to love, to learn, to leave a legacy.'' can best be replaced by the word .

•  hunted

•  summarized

•  trapped

•  determined

• 22 According to the passage, which of the following can be used as advice, when one pays too much attention to physical need?

•  Do to others as you would like others do to you.

•  An apple a day keeps a doctor away.

•  Learning something new everyday.

•  You can't take the wealth with you when you die.

• 23 According to the passage, which of the following can help us leave a legacy?

•  Killing time by watching TV soft operas.

•  Having a good night sleep.

•  Attending workshops or charities as volunteers.

•  Eating at a good restaurant.

• 24 According to the article, what would people do if their fundamental needs are not met?

•  They may reject love.

•  They may ignore their needs.

•  They may use drugs.

•  They may fight with others.

• 25 According to the passage, which of the following is true?

•  We do not need to experience life since others have already done it.

•  Many experimental studies are needed to ensure trustworthiness of the four needs.

•  We can recognize the needs through ours and other people's life experience.

•  There is no need to doubt since people around the world are exactly the same.

• 106 年公務人員特種考試關務人員考試、

106 年公務人員特種考試身心障礙人員考試及 代號： 70220

106 年國軍上校以上軍官轉任公務人員考試試題

全一頁

考 試 別：

國軍上校以上軍官轉任公務人員考試

等 別：

少將轉任考試

類 科：

一般行政

科 目：

行政學研究

考試時間 ：

2 小時

座號：

※注意：

 禁止使用電子計算器。

 不必抄題，作答時請將試題題號及答案依照順序寫在試卷上，於本試題上作答者，不予計分。

• 一、巴頓（ George S. Patton ）將軍曾言： 「千萬別教他人如何做，而是告訴他們做什麼， 他們的巧思會帶給你驚喜。」試就此一看法來論述行政領導之類型與行政激勵的 相關理論之核心意涵。 （ 25 分）

• 二、政府從事組織重組的基本理由（ rationale for reorganization ）為何？又大致可分為幾種 類型？請一併敘述之。 （ 25 分）

• 三、行政責任（ administrative responsibility ）是建構民主政治和官僚制度間的一道橋樑， 有何基本策略來深化此一責任的實踐？試說明之。 （ 25 分）

• 四、良好行政的基本政治概念，即行政人員需具備政治能力（ political competency ） ，此一 政治能力會去考慮那些層面？試析論之。 （ 25 分）

（請接背面）

106 年公務人員特種考試關務人員考試、

106 年公務人員特種考試身心障礙人員考試及 106 年國軍上校以上軍官轉任公務人員考試試題 代號： 70230 全一頁

考 試 別：

國軍上校以上軍官轉任公務人員考試

等 別：

少將轉任考試

類 科：

一般行政

科 目：

問題分析與解決

考試時間 ：

2 小時

座號：

※注意：

 禁止使用電子計算器。

 不必抄題，作答時請將試題題號及答案依照順序寫在試卷上，於本試題上作答者，不予計分。

• 一、何謂第三類型錯誤（ Error of the third type ）？請從問題分析與解決角度加以評論，並 舉實例加以論證。 （ 50 分）

• 二、鑑於臺灣人口逐漸的高齡化，根據統計， 2013 年 65 歲以上人口已達 11.5% ，依聯合 國標準可稱為「高齡化社會」 ，預計 2018 年將達 14.5% ，正式進入「高齡社會」 。為 了照顧這些為數龐大的老人，政府推出「長照十年計畫 2.0 」方案，將針對政策資源 進行全面性的盤點，以公私夥伴關係，積極擴增以「社區」為導向的多元長期照顧 服務模式，以實現在地老化之目標。但「社區式長照服務」涉及許多「剪不斷、理 還亂」的問題癥結點，請運用問題點與對策點魚骨圖分析其問題癥結點及因應對策。 （ 50 分）

（請接背面）