代號：

10110-10910

30110-30410

40110-40410

頁次： 3 － 1

112 年公務人員特種考試外交領事人員及外交行政人員、 國際經濟商務人員、民航人員及原住民族考試試題

考 試 別：外交人員、國際經濟商務人員、民航人員考試

等

別：三等考試

類科組別：各類科組

科

目：國文（作文與測驗）

考試時間：

2 小時

※注意：

 禁止使用電子計算器。

 本科目試題包括作文及測驗兩部分，請妥適分配各題作答時間。

甲、作文部分：（ 80

分）甲、申論題部分：

•  作答時請將試題題號及答案依照順序寫在申論試卷上，並以藍、黑色鋼筆或原子筆由左至右 橫式作答，於本試題上作答者，不予計分。  不得於試卷上書寫姓名或座號。

一、短文寫作：（ 20 分）

王陽明說：「吾輩用功，只求日減，不求日增。」這種減法的原 則，頗能減輕現代繁忙窘迫的生活壓力；但是，老子雖然說「為道日 損」，卻也說「為學日益」，對生活所需的知識和技能，則主張要多 學習和增加。所以，人生什麼項目該用「減法」？什麼項目又該用「加 法」？這是一個需要衡量評估的問題。

請以「人生的減法與加法」為題，列舉至少四個自己需要加減 的項目，並加以闡述。（文長不超過 400 字）

二、作文：（ 60 分）

貝多芬在創作第七號交響曲的諧謔曲，蒐錄了一首古老的奧地 利朝聖詩歌，他以管風琴的某個音作為主線，像織錦般地逐步經營整 首音樂。那個音是 A ，整個樂團的樂器都以這個音為準。剛開始時， 這個音聽起來很柔和，然後越來越明顯，最後，銅管聲勢浩大地奏出 一片「顫動的火焰」，這是音樂史上偉大的一刻。

生活的各個領域也是如此，重點是關係整個樂團樂器最初那個 看似不明顯的音。請以貝多芬的創作為借鏡，申述自己生活中「定出 主線，逐步經營」的經驗與見解。

座號：

乙、測驗題部分：（ 20

分）

•  本試題為單一選擇題，請選出一個正確或最適當答案。

•  共 10 題，每題 2 分，須用 2B 鉛筆在試卡上依題號清楚劃記，於本試題或申論試卷上作答者，不予計分。

• 1 下列選項前後對話，成語使用最適當的是：

•  「令尊年高八十，猶然老當益壯。」／「家父身手靈活，真是一馬當先。」

•  「貴公司業績能逆勢成長，可賀！可賀！」／「這全仰賴大家上下一心。」

•  「你家屋內整理得光耀門楣，真是好看。」／「這一切，都是拙荊的心血。」

•  「令公子金榜題名，真是蓬蓽生輝！」／「過獎！過獎！小兒不過是班門弄斧。」

• 2 「上個世紀結束後我再次離開美濃。當我在困頓、漂泊的午夜中神遊我莊、回顧自我， 慢慢發現，其實我莊植長在我身體之中，有時甚至就坐在額頭，左右了我人生的轉 彎。而且，它是我理解世界的第一個版本，往後的無數次增修，都將依之據之。」 根據上文，有關作者對「我莊」的敘述，最適當的是：

•  近鄉情怯，離家多年後再次返家，對於「我莊」益發思念

•  雖遊歷世界多處，但始終未曾發現比「我莊」更美的地方

•  曾在離家後的困頓之際想起「我莊」 ，進而反思其真正涵義

•  時時惦記「我莊」 ，並藉由遠行經驗多次修改「我莊」形象

• 3 「東方繪畫為主的中國花鳥畫，自古即在其象徵意義上，有更明確的發揮，比如以花 卉為寄寓，作為理想人格的投映。」

下列選項，何者最能呼應上文所述？

•  人面不知何處去，桃花依舊笑春風

•  花謝花飛飛滿天，紅消香斷有誰憐

•  竹外桃花三兩枝，春江水暖鴨先知

•  莫嫌老圃秋容淡，且看黃花晚節香

• 4 行文表述時，合宜地運用正向思維與負向思維，接續排列文句，可達到顛覆與反轉 的趣味。如同曾任英國首相的邱吉爾名言： 「你有敵人？很好！那說明在你人生中， 你曾為某些事堅持過。」即是善用了「先負轉正」的敘述方式。

• 下列那個句子的敘述方式最接近上文例句表述的方式？

•  生命是一襲華美的袍，爬滿了蝨子

•  你在黑夜獨行，堅定地走出一路山明水秀

•  先要了解事實，然後你才能夠隨心所欲的扭曲誤解它

•  這個世界如此美好，值得人們為它奮鬥，我只同意後半句

• 5 「凡是好人都樂於助人。小郭常常幫助別人，所以小郭是個好人。」以上的推論無效，

• 因為小郭常助人，可能別有所圖。下列何者也是這種無效的推論？

•  唯有正直的人是君子，所以不正直的人肯定不是君子

•  唯有積極踏實者能成功，所以成功者都是積極踏實的

•  凡是人都需要飲食。機器人不必飲食，所以機器人不是人

•  凡是大丈夫都能屈能伸。阿德能屈能伸，所以阿德是大丈夫

代號：

1101

代號：

10110-10910

30110-30410

40110-40410

頁次： 3 － 3

• 6 齊莊公出獵，有一蟲舉足將搏其輪。問其御曰： 「此何蟲也？」對曰： 「此所謂螳螂 者也。其為蟲也，知進而不知卻，不量力而輕敵。」莊公曰： 「此為人，而必為天下 勇武矣！」迴車而避之，勇武聞之，知所盡死矣。 （ 《淮南子》 ） 根據上文，齊莊公迴車而避之造成的結果是：

•  不與勇武之士衝突

•  勇武之士無所畏懼

•  勇武之士欲求明主

•  不必遠求勇武之士

• 7 「沒有嚐過窮苦，不懂得安逸的好處；沒有感到人生的寂寞，不能了解真愛的價值。 同樣地，未曾有過經驗的孺子，難以了解天真之可貴；老年人所以會和藹可親，也 是因為曾受過了經驗的洗禮。必定要對於人世上萬物萬事全看淡了，然後對於一二 件東西的留戀才會倍見真摯動人。」

根據上文，下列選項何者最接近文意？

•  甘將泥尾隨龜後，尚有雲心在鶴前  獨當春盡情何限，尚有秋期別未遙  存亡慣見渾無淚，鄉井難忘尚有心  群山萬壑赴荊門，生長明妃尚有村

• 8 「這並不是說，我想像自己的死不會給人留下遺憾：訃告無疑是會有的；但是，儘管 有哀悼 --我並不否認這一點 --我看到他人的生活照樣繼續著，依然如故；我看 到他們一如既往地忙於自己的事務，孜孜於他們的消遣，糾纏於他們的煩惱，光顧 同樣的場所、同樣的朋友；一切照舊，任什麼都改變不了他們的生存。」

根據上文，下列選項何者最接近作者對生死的感受？

•  重於泰山，輕於鴻毛

•  安時處順，樂在其中

•  生不足樂，死不足悲

•  淡泊明志，寧靜致遠

• 9 「世界聽障者的人數到 2025 年將達到 9 億人，其中因老化引發的傳音性聽障可透過 助聽器改善，但這些老人使用助聽器比率不高，主因為羞於戴助聽器、周圍聲音也 被擴大，以及操作不易等。他們若不用助聽器，與人溝通時則需要提高聲量，猶如 吵架氛圍，容易引發心理不適，減低交流意願。經研究 1000 Hz 以上的周波數帶， 是言語明瞭度的關鍵，但是此周波數帶的聽力隨著老化而下降，可聽到聲音，但不 清晰。日人中石真一路開發『助聽喇叭』 ，以蜂巢板的喇叭增強高音域，並使音箱細 長化，鳴音部向後垂，便可『調強』 1700 Hz 周波數，讓人聲清晰化，即可幫助輕度 聽障者。有別於傳統助聽器只是『擴大』所有聲音，助聽喇叭改善助聽器之不清晰、 不舒適的問題。過去的社會是聽障者配合健聽者戴『助聽器』 ；在合乎人性之『無障 礙環境規畫』時代，健聽者以『助聽喇叭』主動接近聽障者，成就無障礙之傾聽交 流環境，是文明社會的指標之一。」

有關因老化引發傳音性聽障的敘述，下列選項何者最符合文意？

•  改善的最好方式是配戴助聽器

•  未積極改善容易產生心理相關問題

•  形成的主因是無法辨別 1700 Hz 周波數的子音

•  老化的大腦無法將聲音轉化成可辨識的語言

• 10 承上題，關於助聽喇叭的研發與使用，下列選項何者最不符合本文意旨？

•  助聽器的設計著重於處理音質問題，而助聽喇叭則著重於改善音量問題

•  健聽者以「助聽喇叭」主動接近聽障者，可成就無障礙之傾聽交流環境

•  公私部門的服務窗口，宜增設助聽喇叭，有助形塑無形的「無障礙空間」

•  「助聽喇叭」的設計理念更合乎聽障者需求，可說是文明社會的指標之一

代號：

10950

頁次：

1

－

1

112 年公務人員特種考試外交領事人員及外交行政人員、 國際經濟商務人員、民航人員及原住民族考試試題

考 試 別：外交人員考試

等

別：三等考試

類科組別：外交領事人員類科英文組二

科

目：外交實務英文寫作（以英文命題及作答）

考試時間：

2 小時

※注意：

 禁止使用電子計算器。

 請以英文作答，不必抄題，作答時請將試題題號及答案依照順序寫在試卷上，於本試題上作 答者，不予計分。  請以藍、黑色鋼筆或原子筆在申論試卷上作答。

• 一、 Compose a brief resolution of the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO) that urges the United Nations Security Council to invite UNESCO director-general to speak before the Security Council for the purpose of the protection of human heritage. (25%)

• 二、 Draft an English description as to the history and value of the Taiwan Fellowship provided by the R.O.C. Ministry of Foreign Affairs since 2010/2011, as well as general application procedures for the year of 2024. (25%)

• 三、 Draft a memorandum (of any form) on behalf of your supervisor, i.e., the director-general for treaty and law, to inform the director-general of international organizations of how the R.O.C. Government has managed and should manage the issue of the R.O.C.'s 'meaningful participation' in the case of the World Health Assembly. (25%)

• 四、 On behalf of the R.O.C. Ministry of Foreign Affairs, please draft an English letter to explain the R.O.C. Government's position to a foreign press whose news report indicates that 'Taiwan should not acquire more advanced weaponry systems from the United States in order for further stability in the Indo-Pacific region.' (25%)

座號：

代號：

10940

頁次：

3 － 1

112 年公務人員特種考試外交領事人員及外交行政人員、 國際經濟商務人員、民航人員及原住民族考試試題

考 試 別：外交人員考試

等

別：三等考試

類科組別：外交領事人員類科英文組二

科

目：國際傳播（以英文命題及作答）

考試時間：

2 小時

座號：

※注意：禁止使用電子計算器。

甲、申論題部分：（

75 分）

•  請以英文作答，不必抄題，作答時請將試題題號及答案依照順序寫在申論試卷上，於本試題上作 答者，不予計分。

•  請以藍、黑色鋼筆或原子筆在申論試卷上作答。

• 一、 In accounting for the dynamics of current international communication, what are the explanatory frameworks provided by the World System Theory and Cultural Globalization Theories? What are their limitations?(25%)

• 二、 In the recent rise of streaming services, the traditional film industry has been seriously impacted. How has the popularity of Netflix challenged the Hollywood's global dominance in the ⑴ production and ⑵ distribution of the audio-visual products?(25%)

• 三、 Based on the source and nature of information, international political propaganda can be divided into three types: white, grey and black propaganda. Please explain their differences and illustrate with examples.(25%)

• 乙、測驗題部分：（

25 分）

代號： 4109

•  本試題為單一選擇題，請選出一個正確或最適當答案。

•  共 20 題，每題 1.25 分，須用 2B 鉛筆在試卡上依題號清楚劃記，於本試題或申論試卷上作答者，不予計分。

• 1 Which of the following is among the five countries that coordinated the evacuation operation of the Jewish Ukrainians?

•  Austria.

•  Hungary.

•  Poland.

•  Czech Republic.

• 2 Which of the following countries led the way of proposing the principle of 'cultural exception,' asserting that culture is not a commodity and, therefore, should not be included as a category of free trade in the GATT Uruguay Round of trade negotiation before WTO was formed?

•  Denmark.

•  South Korea.

•  Italy.

•  France.

• 3 The world renowned communication scholar Harold Lasswell argued that there are three key factors to winning a modern war. In addition to staging a war and blocking the economy, which of the following is the other one?

•  Propagandizing.

•  Bluffing.

•  Threatening.

•  Colonizing.

• 4 News about Taiwan seldom made international headlines, yet Taiwan's 'salmon chaos' and 'Taroko train derailment' in 2021 have received intensive coverage by the foreign press. Which of the following terminologies of international communication best captures the circumstance?

•  Unbalanced news flow.

•  News value.

•  News image.

•  News framing.

• 5 Which of the following concepts was proposed by Japanese scholar Koichi Iwabuchi to modify the theoretical perspectives of cultural proximity?

•  Cultural hybridity.

•  Becoming culturally proximate.

•  Cultural discount.

•  Cultural resonance.

• 6 British sociologist Anthony Giddens argued that globalization is one of the outcomes of modernity, and he proposed four highly interrelated dimensions of globalization. Which of the following is NOT included?

•  World military order.

•  International division of labor.

•  Social relations governance.

•  Nation-state system.

• 7 Which of the following statements about public diplomacy is NOT correct?

•  The goal of long-term public diplomacy is to increase support in the international community to achieve the success of singular political advocacy.

•  For the government, one of the goals of public diplomacy is that its foreign policy wins support from its people.

•  When public diplomacy is promoted, being labeled as propaganda should be avoided at all costs so that negative impressions would not happen.

•  The main argument of American public diplomacy during the Cold War was to convince the European people that the American system of democracy and capitalism is superior to the Soviet political system.

• 8 In the era of digital convergence, social media platforms contribute to effective international communication. Which of the following statements is NOT correct regarding Australian government's request for platform operators to pay for journalism?

•  Australia has passed 'Platform Fairness Payment Bill.' The bill mandates that digital platform operators such as Facebook and Google should remunerate journalism for the contents they produced.

•  Google and major Australian media companies have reached a cooperation agreement on payment.

•  Facebook once blocked Australian users from viewing or sharing Australian news contents on the platform, including those from outside the country.

•  During the time when Facebook blocked Australian news, non-news pages run by government agencies and charity organizations were also blocked by mistake.

• 9 How did Al Jazeera enter the US TV market when it was officially launched in 2013?

•  By becoming a cable system operator.

•  By acquiring an existing US cable channel.

•  By setting up a satellite channel.

•  By providing live streaming over the Internet.

• 10 Which of the following incidents led to the establishment of the Independent Media Center (IMC) aiming to facilitate an international digital platform for citizen journalism?

•  The Seattle WTO protests in 1999.

•  The Jasmine Revolution in 2011.

•  The protests against the IMF in Washington DC in 2005.

•  The Yellow Vests Movement in France in 2018.

• 11 Which of the following international organizations proposed 'Universal Declaration on Cultural Diversity'?

•  European Union (EU).

•  United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO).

•  World Trade Organization (WTO).

•  World Intellectual Property Organization (WIPO).

• 12 Which of the following statements about the prevalence of SVOD (subscription video on demand) and OTT (over-the-top services) is NOT correct?

•  SVOD and OTT provide accurate recommendation mechanisms, enabling viewers to access their favored content.

•  According to the theory of audience commodity, SVOD and OTT are free of advertising. Therefore, the audience can refrain from labor exploitation.

•  The accuracy of the recommendation mechanisms provided by SVOD and OTT relies on the collection of a huge data produced by the users' digital footprint.

•  SVOD and OTT service providers entrust data analytics companies to collect the data of social media discussion as the basis for production and programming.

• 13 Which of the following terms is used by British sociologist Alan Bryman (2004) for criticizing the global commercial transformation of commodities or environments into something excessively simplified, tightly controlled, and heavily reliant on emotional labor?

•  McDonaldization.



Fordism.

•  Disneyization.

•  Starbuckization.

• 14 Governments are frequently expected to legislate laws to address the social issues of the Internet. Which of the following social issues was addressed by the U.S. Communications Decency Act of 1996?

•  Cyberbullying.

•  Copyright.

•  Privacy infringement.

•  Internet Pornography.

• 15 Which of the following countries held a referendum in March 2018 to decide whether or not the mandatory license fee for public broadcasters should be abolished?

•  Finland.

•  Switzerland.

•  Belgium.

•  The Netherlands.

• 16 Agence Havas, formally founded in 1835, is the predecessor of which of the following news agencies?

•  Reuters.

•  Associated Press.

•  L'Agence France-Presse.

•  United Press International.

• 17 What does the term 'issue monitoring' in public diplomacy refer to?

•  Specific issues are aimed at and their development is tracked.

•  The breakout time of an issue is confirmed.

•  Various international news databases are subscribed to.

•  Protests are issued officially against unfair media.

• 18 Which of the following roles that global media play in determining the diplomatic strategies can be identified as the 'CNN effect'?

•  The controlling role.

•  The intervening role.

•  The constraining role.

•  The instrumental role.

• 19 James Grunig and Todd Hunt have developed a theory of four models of public relations. Which of the following statements is correct when we apply these four models to public diplomacy?

•  The press agent/publicity model promises to disseminate the most accurate content.

•  The public information model is aimed at conveying information, rather than attempting to persuade.

•  Thetwo-wayasymmetricmodelis targetedat increasingmutual recognition andunderstanding,with reciprocity benefiting both parties.

•  The two-way symmetric model resorts to means or strategies undisclosed to the public in order to be persuasive.

• 20 Which of the following is the major impact brought by the advancement of Internet technologies on the process and the condition of foreign policy?

•  Internet technologies have created echo chambers where diplomats can monopolize or control diplomatic agendas.

•  Internet technologies have contributed to faster information in lesser time; accordingly, diplomats need to filter, analyze, and respond to information within the shortest period of time.

•  The advance of Internet technologies has reduced both the amount and the source of information.

•  Internet technologies have reduced the target subjects of diplomatic work.

代號：

10930

頁次：

4 － 1

112 年公務人員特種考試外交領事人員及外交行政人員、 國際經濟商務人員、民航人員及原住民族考試試題

考 試 別：外交人員考試

等

別：三等考試

類科組別：外交領事人員類科英文組二

科

目：國際關係與近代外交史（以英文命題及作答）

考試時間：

2 小時

座號：

※注意：禁止使用電子計算器。

甲、申論題部分：（

75 分）

•  請以英文作答，不必抄題，作答時請將試題題號及答案依照順序寫在申論試卷上，於本試題上作 答者，不予計分。

 請以藍、黑色鋼筆或原子筆在申論試卷上作答。

• 一、 Please answer the following questions: (20 points)

• ⑴ Please describe the theoretical context of 'security dilemma' in international relations, and then based on this concept, analyze the reasons that Russia invaded Ukraine in February 2022.

• ⑵ Explain why the US Biden administration decisively provided strong military support to Ukraine, just the reverse to Obama's absence in military supports to Ukraine when Russia intruded in and annexed Crimea in 2014.

• 二、 The Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) had established the ASEAN Economic Community (AEC) and rapidly developed into one of the most important regional integration institutions. ⑴ Please illustrate the characteristics of 'ASEAN Centrality'. ⑵ Please analyze the adjustments of ASEAN's security and economic policies based on the concept of ASEAN Centrality. (20 points)

• 三、 Please elaborate the causes of the civil war in Rwanda and how the United Nations Security Council subsequently dealt with this crisis. (18 points)

• 四、 From the Meiji Restoration( 明治維新 ) in 1868 to the first Sino-Japanese War in 1894, Japan and China engaged in power struggle for more than 20 years over Taiwan, Ryukyu, and the Korean Peninsula. Please elaborate the important events and historical processes regarding this rivalry. (17 points)

• 乙、測驗題部分：（

25 分）

•  本試題為單一選擇題，請選出一個正確或最適當答案。

 共 20 題，每題 1.25 分，須用 2B 鉛筆在試卡上依題號清楚劃記，於本試題或申論試卷上作答者，不予計分。

• 1 Which country is a member of all these three organizations: 'Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN)', 'Regional Comprehensive Economic Partnership (RCEP)' and 'Comprehensive and Progressive Agreement for Trans-Pacific Partnership (CPTPP)'?

•  South Korea.

•  Vietnam.

•  Thailand.

•  Myanmar.

• 2 Which of the following statement is incorrect regarding the Realism of international relations theory?

•  Economic interdependence will be more important if international cooperation is enhanced.

•  Most of the time decision-makers take national interests as supreme objectives.

•  Power is the most important concept in international relations.

•  Military means, if necessary in pursuing national interests, can be used.

代號： 3109

• 3 Which of the following statement concerning both the 'Thucydides Trap' and 'Kindleberger Trap' is correct?

•  Both involve military power.

•  Both involve the rise and fall of hegemonies.

•  Both involve ideology.

•  Both involve clash of civilizations.

• 4 Suzanne Nossel, a scholar of international relations, proposed the concept of 'smart power' in Foreign Affairs in 2004. Which of the following statement is incorrect?

•  Soft power can also be manifested by coercive diplomacy, military intimidation, military intervention, and economic sanctions.

•  Countries shall enhance national interests by means of alliances, international regimes, and prudent foreign policy.

•  Smart power is the combination of hard and soft powers through which countries integrate tactics, resources and foreign policy to achieve national goals.

•  In contemporary international relations, the use of power is shifting increasingly from hard to soft power, while preserving both elements continually.

• 5 Which of the following country does not contain any part of the Kurdistan Region?

•  Syria.

•  Iraq.

•  Lebanon.

•  Iran.

• 6 According to the concept of the theory of hegemonic stability, which of the following statement is not a necessary condition for being a hegemony?

•  Having a strong will of enforcement.

•  Having the ability to construct mechanisms and rules of the international system.

•  Having the initiative to wage wars.

•  Commitment to promoting mutually beneficial matters among the main countries in the system.

• 7 What culture identified by Alexander Wendt is better reflected by the Russia-Ukraine war which began in February 2022?

•  Hobbesian culture.

•  Lockean culture.

•  Kantian culture.

•  Wittgenstein culture.

• 8 Which of the following statement concerning regionalization and regionalism is incorrect?

•  Regionalization emphasizes state-led creation of a functional regional identity.

•  Regionalism is a 'top-down' process of governmental efforts.

•  The integration process of the European Union can be seen as the simultaneous progressions of regionalization and regionalism.

•  International economics usually considers regionalism as an international economic integration.

• 9 Which of the following is not a member of the four NATO Asia-Pacific Partners?

•  Australia.

•  The Philippines.

•  New Zealand.

•  South Korea.

• 10 Which of the following statement is NOT one of the three basic assumptions of Structural Realism?

•  International politics is in a status of anarchy.

•  States are like units.

•  The distribution of capabilities among states illustrates the nature of the international system.

•  States pursue absolute gains.

• 11 Regarding the Congress of Vienna in 1815, which of the following statement is incorrect?

•  It established the classification of diplomats.

•  It established the norms for free navigation in international waters.

•  It prohibited the trade of slaves.

•  It defended nationalism and liberalism.

• 12 Considering the developments of the US-ROC bilateral relations after the government of the Republic of China moved to Taiwan in 1949, which of the following statement is correct?

•  The U.S. declared the 'Neutralization of the Taiwan Strait' in 1949. Therefore, the Republic of China received the security assurance after the outbreak of the Korean War in 1950.

•  The First Taiwan Strait Crisis broke out in 1954, the U.S. dispatched the Seventh Fleet to patrol the Taiwan Strait.

•  The Second Taiwan Strait Crisis broke out in 1958, leading to the signing of the 'Mutual Defense Treaty between the United States of America and the Republic of China.'

•  The US President Dwight D. Eisenhower visited Taiwan in 1960, strengthening the friendship between the two countries.

• 13 Who was the first Chinese Judge posted to the Permanent Court of International Justice by the Republic of China?

•  Wang Chung-Hui.

•  Lou Tseng-Tsiang.

•  V. K. Wellington Koo.

•  Wei Tao-Ming.

• 14 Which of the following statement is correct regarding the outbreak of the Russo-Japanese War in 1904?

•  The trigger was that Czarist Russia made an excuse for protecting the Chinese Eastern Railway during the Boxer Rebellion, and occupied Manchuria of China.

•  Under Britain's mediation, Japan and Czarist Russia signed the Portsmouth Treaty in the Great Britain.

•  Japan and Czarist Russia reached a peaceful agreement in which Czarist Russia ceded the southern portion of Kamchatka Peninsula to Japan.

•  China and Japan signed the Sino-Japanese Telecom Treaty in 1905, allowing China to take back Czarist Russia's special rights and interests in the three Northeast provinces.

• 15 Among the treaties that the Qing government signed with foreign powers, which one made China pay the largest amount of compensation?

•  Treaty of Yili.  The Boxer Protocol.  Treaty of Shimonoseki.  Treaty of Tienjin.

• 16 Which of the following statement is correct in relation to the border dispute during the final years of the Qing Dynasty?

•  The Panthaty Rebellion initially arose in Yunnan Province in 1856, which was supported by Czarist Russia. Among the rebellion forces, Ma Rulong( 馬如龍 ) and Du Wenxiu( 杜文秀 ) were the two most influential forces.

•  While the Second Opium War broke out and the Anglo-French joint forces invaded Tianjin in 1858, Czar General Nikolay N. Muravyov took the chance to invade Aigun and forced Li Hongzhang( 李鴻章 ) to sign the Treaty of Aigun.

•  While the Dungan Revolt occurred in Xinjiang in 1864, the Khan of the Khanate of Kokand sent his general Muhammad Yaqub Bek to China to establish a Muslim Khanate, which was later defeated by Zeng Guofan( 曾國藩 ).

•  While the Dungan Revolt occurred, the Czarist Russian army occupied Yili in 1871; the Qing government sent Zeng Jize( 曾紀澤 ), ambassador to both England and France, to Saint Petersburg for negotiation and eventually retrieved part of the territory.

• 17 Regarding the Open Door Policy in China advocated by US Secretary of State John Hay in 1899, which of the following statement is incorrect?

•  US national power was strengthened after its victory in a war against Spain and gained the Philippines in 1898.

•  The United States had increasing commercial interests in China.

•  It was a diplomatic tradition for the United States in advocating Open Door Policy of every country.

•  The United States respected the special interests of major powers gained in China in exchange of their supporting the US policy.

• 18 In terms of cooperation among the Allies during World War II, which of the following is correct?

•  After the Marco Polo Bridge Incident (the Lugou Bridge Incident) broke out in 1937, the U.S. and the U.K. swiftly abolished the unequal treaties in order to strengthen their friendship with China.

•  In November 1943, US President Franklin D. Roosevelt and British Prime Minister Winston Churchill invited Chiang Kai-shek, Chairman of the Chinese Nationalist Government, to Cairo and issued the Cairo Declaration agreeing the independence of Korea after the war.

•  The Republic of China, the U.S., the U.K. and France jointly declared the Proposal for the United Nations in October 1944, and became the founding members of the United Nations.

•  Before Adolf Hitler was completely defeated in the War, China, the U.S. and the U.K. issued the Potsdam Declaration in 1945, demanding the unconditional surrender of Germany.

• 19 Which of the following description is correct in connection with the development of the Cold War between the U.S. and the Soviet Union after World War II?

•  On 5th March 1946, US President Harry S. Truman delivered a speech and firstly used the term 'Iron Curtain'.

•  The Marshall Plan enacted in July 1947 covered the regions across contemporary geographical scope of the European Union.

•  The Containment Policy was suggested by George F. Kennan, and was supported by US President Harry S. Truman.

•  The remaining collective defense mechanism under the Containment Policy includes the Southeast Asia Treaty Organization (SEATO).

• 20 Regarding the outbreak of World War I, which of the following statement is incorrect?

•  Germanyfailed to manage its alliance system made by Chancellor Otto Bismarck, and it finally dragged the concerned countries into war.

•  Under the opposition of Russia, the Reassurance Treaty between Russia and Germany failed to be renewed. The bilateral relations between Germany and Russia further worsened.

•  Germany carried out the 'Great Navy' plan, threatening Great Britain's vital interest.

•  Germany was isolated diplomatically due to the emergence of Franco-Russian alliance, Anglo-French, and Anglo-Russian Coalitions.

112 年公務人員特種考試外交領事人員及外交行政人員、 國際經濟商務人員、民航人員及原住民族考試試題

代號：

2101

頁次： 4 － 1

考 試 別：外交人員考試

等

別：三等考試

類科組別：外交領事人員類科各組

科

目：綜合法政知識（包括中華民國憲法、兩岸關係、比較政府與政治）

考試時間：

1 小時

座號：

※注意：

 本試題為單一選擇題，請選出一個正確或最適當答案。

•  本科目共 50 題，每題 2 分，須用 2B 鉛筆在試卡上依題號清楚劃記，於本試題上作答者，不予計分。

•  禁止使用電子計算器。

• 1 依司法院大法官解釋意旨，關於大學教師之升等評審程序，下列敘述何者正確？

 基於大學自治，有關大學教師升等資格之審查，立法者不得為任何規定

 基於大學自治，對於升等決定不服之教師，不得提起行政訴訟

•  大學教師升等資格之審查，涉及工作權之保障

•  教師升等資格評審程序之目的在於維持學術研究與教學之品質，不受教育主管機關監督

• 2 有關監察權之行使，下列敘述何者錯誤？

•  監察院僅得對行政院及其有關部會提出糾正案

•  監察委員對行政院及各部會行使之調查權範圍，僅限於調閱文件

•  監察院院長對於彈劾案不得指使與干涉

•  監察院院長對於糾舉案不得指使與干涉

• 3 下列何者並非司法院釋字第 499 號解釋所列舉之修憲界限？

•  憲法第 1 條所樹立之民主共和國原則

•  憲法第 2 條之國民主權原則

•  憲法第 2 章所保障之各項人民基本權利

•  憲法第 13 章所明定之基本國策

• 4 依憲法增修條文第 10 條第 8 項規定，國家就社會救助和國民就業，應優先編列下列何種支出？

•  一般性支出

•  資本性支出

•  救濟性支出

 政策性支出

• 5 依憲法第 8 條第 1 項之規定，司法或警察機關依法定程序，得逮捕拘禁人民。關於本項規定之司法機關與警 察機關，下列敘述何者正確？

•  司法機關包括檢察機關，警察機關不限於組織法上之形式意義警察機關

•  司法機關包括檢察機關，警察機關限於組織法上之形式意義警察機關

•  司法機關不包括檢察機關，警察機關不限於組織法上之形式意義警察機關

•  司法機關不包括檢察機關，警察機關限於組織法上之形式意義警察機關

• 6 有關憲法第 7 條平等原則之敘述，下列何者正確？

•  平等原則禁止所有法律上的差別待遇

•  優惠性差別待遇亦為平等原則所禁止

•  基於平等原則，立法者應貫徹體系正義的要求

•  平等原則僅拘束立法者，不拘束行政機關

• 7 依司法院大法官解釋，下列何者違反憲法第 13 條保障之宗教信仰自由？  總統接見宗教領袖  總統以私人名義參加宗教活動

 設立國教

 核准宗教團體設立學校

• 8 甲男收養乙為養子所成立的收養身分契約，涉及何種憲法上的基本權？

 個人人格權

 集體人格權

 財產權

• 9 下列何種權利或自由並非憲法第 22 條保障之權利？

 健康權

 性自主權

•  一般行為自由

 人身自由

 消極不表意自由

• 10 依司法院大法官解釋，有關人民服兵役義務，下列敘述何者錯誤？  有關人民服兵役之重要事項，應由立法者斟酌國家安全、社會發展之需要，以法律定之  後備軍人居住處所遷移，無故不依規定申報者，即處以刑事罰，違憲

 妨害兵役治罪條例，課予後備軍人就居住處所遷移依規定向相關機關為申報之義務，不違憲  男子服兵役之義務，並無違反人性尊嚴，也無違反平等原則

• 11 憲法增修條文有關行政院院長與總統、副總統之規定，下列敘述何者正確？

•  行政院院長由總統提名，經立法院同意任命之

•  總統或副總統因故不能視事時，由行政院院長代行其職權

•  總統、副總統均缺位時，由行政院院長召集國民大會補選總統、副總統

•  立法院通過不信任案後，行政院院長得呈請總統解散立法院

• 12 關於立法院臨時會召開程序及審議事項，下列敘述何者錯誤？

•  立法院得因立法委員四分之一以上之請求而召開臨時會

•  立法院臨時會以決議召集臨時會之特定事項為限

•  於立法院休會期間提出不信任案，立法院應即召開臨時會審議之



立法院於臨時會審議不信任案時，於不信任案提出

• 13 有關司法院院長之職權及地位，下列敘述何者錯誤？

•  綜理院務，監督所屬機關

•  並為大法官之院長不受任期保障

•  依據憲法第 44 條規定，出席總統主持之院際調解

•  提請總統任命司法院副院長

• 14 依司法院大法官解釋，土地稅法規定，依都市計畫法指定之公共設施保留地，免徵土地增值稅；至非都市 土地經編定為交通用地，且依法核定為公共設施用地者，則不予免徵土地增值稅之規定，係違反下列何種 基本權？

•  生存權

•  財產權

• 15 關於地方自治之敘述，下列何者錯誤？

•  屬於垂直權力分立（中央、省、縣）之設計

•  地方自治為地方人民自我決定地方事務之表現

•  地方自治的存在僅限於行政上的分治，而無政治上的分權

•  地方自治團體為公法人

• 16 前總統蔣經國是在那一年開放外省籍的老兵可以回大陸探親？

•  1985 年

•  1986 年

•  1987 年

• 17 有關海峽兩岸經濟合作架構協議，下列陳述何者有誤？

•  財團法人海峽交流基金會與海峽兩岸關係協會遵循平等互惠、循序漸進的原則，達成加強海峽兩岸經貿 關係的意願

•  逐步減少或消除雙方之間實質多數貨品貿易的關稅和非關稅障礙

•  本著世界關務組織（ WCO ）基本原則，考量雙方的經濟條件，逐步減少或消除彼此間的貿易和投資障礙  促進雙方貨品和服務貿易進一步自由化，逐步建立公平、透明、便捷的投資及其保障機制

• 18 前總統馬英九與中國國家主席習近平的「馬習會」是在那一年舉行？

•  2012 年

•  2013 年

•  2014 年

•  2015 年

• 19 一般認為目前的美中臺關係之中，臺灣與美國彼此關係較佳，而中國與美國、中國與臺灣的關係則都不好。

依據「戰略三角」理論，請問上述的美中臺三邊關係是屬於那一種「戰略三角」模型？



羅曼蒂克型

•  結婚型

•  單位否決型

• 20 前總統李登輝任內關於兩岸關係的政策或言行，並不包括下列何者？

• 

• 開放兩岸小三通  提出「兩國論」

• 

• 宣布終止動員戡亂時期  與對岸舉行「辜汪會談」

• 21 美國前總統雷根對臺灣提出的「六項保證」 ，是針對中國與美國之間的那一個公報而提出？



建交公報

•  上海公報



八一七公報

•  六一七公報

• 22 習近平 2021 年 3 月在福建談到「探索海峽兩岸融合發展新路」的三種途徑，其中不包括下列何者？

•  以通促融

•  以惠促融

•  以情促融

•  以誠促融

• 23 蔡英文總統於 2016 年就任後，中國大陸陸續與我國原有邦交國建交，其中不包括下列何者？

• 

• 吉里巴斯

•  馬拉威

• 24 關於臺灣關係法，下列敘述何者錯誤？

•  1979 年開始生效

•  表明提供防禦性武器給臺灣

•  尼加拉瓜

• 

•  布吉納法索

• 由雷根總統簽署成為美國法律

•  是「美國在臺協會」成立的法律依據

•  三邊家族型

•  工作權

•  平等權

•  1988 年

72

小時後，應於

48

小時內以記名投票表決之

• 25 蔡英文總統在 2016 年勝選後提到，兩岸應在既有的政治基礎上持續推動兩岸關係和平穩定發展。蔡總統說 的「既有政治基礎」不包含下列那個關鍵元素？

•  1992 年兩岸兩會會談的歷史事實與求同存異的共同認知

•  兩岸過去二十多年來協商和交流互動的成果

•  中華民國現行憲政體制

•  穩定的美中臺三邊關係

• 26 習近平在 2012 、 2013 年陸續接任中共總書記與中國國家主席，下列何者並非其任內出現的對臺政策與作 為？

•  通過「反分裂國家法」

•  發布「臺灣問題與新時代中國統一事業」白皮書

•  提出「一國兩制臺灣方案」

•  分別提出「對臺 31 項措施」 （ 「惠臺 31 條」 ）與「 26 條措施」

• 27 請問 1990 年簽訂金門協議，我方代表簽訂該協議者為何？

•  財團法人海峽交流基金會

•  中華民國紅十字會

• 28 有關大陸委員會業務職掌，下列何者錯誤？

•  關於金門與馬祖政策、法規、交流及協商等業務之統合規劃、審議及協調

•  關於香港與澳門政策、法規、交流及協商等業務之統合規劃、審議及協調

•  大陸政策國會聯繫、國內外溝通說明與新聞發布之研擬、規劃、協調及執行

•  兩岸法政政策、法規、交流及協商等業務之統合規劃、審議及協調

• 29 有關香港澳門關係條例，下列何者陳述錯誤？

•  為規範及促進與香港及澳門之經貿、文化及其他關係

•  條例所稱香港居民，指具有香港永久居留資格，且未持有英國國民（海外）護照或香港護照以外之旅行 證照者

•  行政院得於香港或澳門設立或指定機構或委託民間團體，處理臺灣地區與香港或澳門往來有關事務  香港或澳門居民得申請在臺灣地區居留或定居；其辦法由大陸委員會擬訂，報請行政院核定後發布之

• 30 請問下列何者非兩岸兩會簽署通過之協議？

•  海峽兩岸民航飛航安全與適航合作協議

•  海峽兩岸氣象合作協議

•  海峽兩岸災害防救與互助協議

•  海峽兩岸醫藥衛生合作協議

• 31 2020 年俄羅斯通過憲法修正案，就法規制度面而言，下列何者正確？

•  總統任期由 4 年延長為 6 年

•  現任總統普丁（ Vladimir Putin ）任期至 2024 年屆滿，最多只得再連選連任一次至 2030 年

•  普丁得繼續參選總統連任至 2036 年

•  普丁因犯下入侵烏克蘭的戰爭罪，不得再競選連任總統

• 32 在議會內閣制國家，偶爾會出現「少數政府」 ，下列相關敘述何者錯誤？

•  少數政府係指在行政權向立法權負責的政府體制中，執政黨內閣未擁有國會的過半數席次  透過議題合作，在國會中進行結盟，以尋求法案或政策的通過

•  二戰後迄今的英國未曾出現少數政府的情形

•  在預期國會即將改選的情況下，以少數政府作為過渡性質的看守內閣

• 33 下列那個國家並非實行議會君主制？

•  沙烏地阿拉伯

•  紐西蘭

•  日本

•  泰國

• 在最近一次美國總統的選舉中，所獲得的民眾普選票數少於對手，但卻當選總統的是那一位？

• 34  拜登（ Joe Biden ）  川普（ Donald Trump ）

•  歐巴馬（ Barack Obama ）

• 35 關於法國政黨生態的描述，下列何者錯誤？

•  法國選民排斥激進主張，中間路線政黨多能取得主要政黨地位

•  左派與右派壁壘分明

•  政黨的分裂、合併或改名相當常見

•  小黨林立

•  哈里森（ Benjamin Harrison ）

•  大陸委員會

•  中華青年交流協會

• 36 有關法國參議院（ Sénat ）的敘述，下列何者錯誤？

•  參議院議員由選舉團選出，任期 6 年

•  總統職位空缺時，由參議院議長繼任臨時總統，直到選出新總統

•  參議院可提出不信任動議，一旦通過，政府即須解散

•  法國總統可解散國民議會，但不能解散參議院

• 37 我國國民於民國 112 年首度參與法庭審判，下列有關「國民法官」的敘述何者錯誤？

•  透過國民與法官相互交流、形成符合民意兼具法律專業之判決結果

•  透過簡明易懂之審前說明、開審陳述等制度設計，促進民眾對法條適用和調查流程的理解

•  國民法官人數多於職業法官，可於評決時發揮優勢，充分反映國民正當法律感情

•  須具備基本法律專業能力，方符合國民法官選任資格

• 有關英國國會的敘述，下列何者錯誤？  首相得提請英王解散國會  議會主權  在野黨自組影子內閣  上議院由各地方政府推派代表組成

• 38

• 39 對於政治精英的敘述，下列何者錯誤？  對於政治系統的價值分配，普遍享有較高的決定權  在專制或極權政體，權力是封閉控制在少數精英手中  對美國政治精英的研究顯示，精英的民主政治取向低於一般民眾  在民主政治下，多數精英傾向以妥協代替衝突、溝通代替對立

• 40

• 41

• 有關德意志聯邦共和國政府的敘述，下列何者正確？

•  與英、法兩國相同，基本法並無規定聯邦總理應任命一名閣員為副總理

•  內閣閣員須由現任聯邦議會議員中選任

•  聯邦政府迄今之組成方式無一例外都是聯合內閣

•  聯邦閣員意見發生爭執，由聯邦總統解決之

• 下列有關美國總統的敘述，何者錯誤？  總統任命的部會首長，須得到眾議院的同意  總統不須到國會接受議員質詢並答詢  總統認為國會通過的法案窒礙難行，得行使否決權

•  總統是國家元首，也是行政首長

• 42 下列位於中東歐地區的新興半總統制國家中，何者並未出現過「左右共治」？  保加利亞  波蘭  捷克  羅馬尼亞

43

• 44

下列那個國家的總統職位可連任之？



大韓民國



菲律賓



衣索比亞



墨西哥

• 下列那一個歐盟國家是歐盟成員國但並未使用歐元？  挪威  芬蘭  斯洛維尼亞  匈牙利

• 45 為確保總統候選人能獲得多數民眾支持，有些國家設計了兩輪選舉制，下列那個國家的第一輪選舉門檻並 非 50% ？  芬蘭  奧地利  阿根廷  巴西

• 46 德國在 2021 年大選後歷時 2 個月才組成內閣，並由前財長蕭茲出任新總理。請問下列何者並非執政聯盟之 一員？



社會民主黨



綠黨



自由民主黨



左翼黨

• 47 中南美洲國家絕大多數採總統制，下列那個國家是極為少數之例外採行議會內閣制？  厄瓜多  烏拉圭  瓜地馬拉  貝里斯

• 48 「東南亞國家協會」 （ Association of Southeast Asian Nations, ASEAN ）是亞洲重要的區域性國際組織，下列 關於該組織的敘述，何者錯誤？



共有

10

個成員國

•  秘書處設在印尼首都雅加達

•  發起「區域全面經濟夥伴關係協定」 （ Regional Comprehensive Economic Partnership, RCEP ）  成立初衷是加速促進區域內經濟合作

• 49 「非洲聯盟」 （ African Union ）是非洲地區最重要的區域性國際組織，下列關於該組織的敘述，何者錯誤？  共有 55 個成員國  其前身是「非洲統一組織」 （ Organization of African Unity ）  總部設在南非首都普勒托利亞  權力執行機構是「非洲聯盟委員會」

• 50 有些國家採行結合了比例代表制與多數代表制的「單一選區兩票制」 ，用來決定國會席次分配，但下列那 個國家並非採行此制度？

代號：

10970

頁次：

4 － 1

112 年公務人員特種考試外交領事人員及外交行政人員、 國際經濟商務人員、民航人員及原住民族考試試題

考 試 別：外交人員考試

等

別：三等考試

類科組別：外交領事人員類科英文組二

科

目：國際法（含國際公法與國際私法） （以英文命題及作答）

考試時間：

2 小時

座號：

※注意：禁止使用電子計算器。

甲、申論題部分：（

75 分）

•  請以英文作答，不必抄題，作答時請將試題題號及答案依照順序寫在申論試卷上，於本試題上作 答者，不予計分。

•  請以藍、黑色鋼筆或原子筆在申論試卷上作答。

• 一、 In accordance with the 1982 United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea, please elaborate on what the navigation rights exercised by warships of one country on the high seas, and in the exclusive economic zone, and the territorial sea of another country are? (25 points)

• 二、 An unmanned scientific exploration balloon MD-80 owned by the National Scientific Research Institute of Country A entered the Air Defense Identification Zone (ADIZ) and the territorial airspace of Country B. After learning about it, Country B shot down the MD-80 with missiles, but the falling MD-80 smashed the houses and caused three deaths of Country B nationals. Country A asserted that the voyage of the scientific exploration balloon was solely for the purpose of scientific research, but Country B considered that the balloon had illegally intruded into the space under its jurisdiction. Please analyze this incident according to the rules of international law involved. (25 points)

• 三、 What are the rationale and conditions for recognizing foreign court judgments? (25 points)

乙、測驗題部分：（

25 分）

代號：

7109

•  本試題為單一選擇題，請選出一個正確或最適當答案。

•  共 20 題，每題 1.25 分，須用 2B 鉛筆在試卡上依題號清楚劃記，於本試題或申論試卷上作答者，不予計分。

• 1 On the relations between municipal law and international law, which of the following statements concerning the status of treaties in the United States is NOT true?

•  All treaties ratified are supreme law of the United States.

•  Judges in every state of the United States are bound by all ratified treaties.

•  All treaties need to be approved by three-fourths of the Senate.

•  The constitution or laws of any state of the United States cannot contradict all ratified treaties.

• 2 According to the 1969 Vienna Convention on the Law of Treaties, which of the following means is the international act whereby a State establishes on the international plane its consent to be bound by a treaty under the international law?

•  Adoption.

•  Ratification.

•  Reservation.

•  Authentication of text.

• 3 Concerning the sources of international law that could be applied by the International Court of Justice as provided for in Article 38 of the Statute of the International Court of Justice, which of the following statements is correct?

•  Judicial decisions are not listed in that Article.

•  Treaties, international customs and soft laws are listed in that Article.

•  The teachings of the most highly qualified publicists of the various nations are listed in that Article.

•  Both general principles of law and the resolutions of international organizations are listed in that Article.

• 4 Which of the following statements concerning human rights protection systems is correct?

•  European Convention on the Protection of Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms has not entered into force in Europe.

•  African Charter of Human and Peoples' Rights has entered into force in Africa.

•  Asian Charter of the Protection of Human Rights has entered into force in Asia.

•  American Convention on Human Rights has not entered into force in America.

• 5 Which of the following modes of territorial acquisition refers to the physical expansion of an existing territory of a State by the force of nature?

•  Occupation.

•  Conquest and annexation.

•  Accretion.

•  Prescription.

• 6 According to the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea, which of the followings is the legal characterization of the Area and its resources?

•  Res nullius.

•  Marine protected areas.

•  Common heritage of mankind.

•  Terra nullius.

• 7 Expropriating foreign investments by host states is allowed provided certain conditions are met. Which of the following conditions is NOT included?

•  For a public purpose.

•  Under a bilateral treaty.

•  In a non-discriminatory manner.

•  With compensation.

• 8 Which of the following principles refers to a rule of international law that allows a sovereign state to assert jurisdiction over a foreigner whose conduct is outside its boundaries but threatens the national security or interferes with the operation of its government functions?

•  Territorial.

•  Nationality.

•  Protective.

•  Universal.

• 9 According to Section 18, Article V of the Convention on the Privileges and Immunities of the United Nations, officials of the U.N. shall be immune from local jurisdiction and execution. Which of the following statements is NOT correct?

•  They shall be immune from criminal litigation, rather than civil lawsuits, in respect of words spoken or written and all acts performed by them in their official capacity.

•  They shall be exempt from taxation on the salaries and emoluments paid to them by the United Nations.

•  They shall be immune from national service obligations.

•  They shall be accorded the same privileges in respect of exchange facilities as are accorded to the officials of comparable ranks forming part of diplomatic missions to the government concerned.

• 10 Which of the followings is NOT one of the purposes of the U.N. as provided in Article 1 of the U.N. Charter?

•  To maintain international peace and security.

•  To develop friendly relations among nations.

•  To be a center for harmonizing the actions of nations.

•  To foster international trade and reduce barriers.

• 11 The World Trade Organization is an important international economic and trade regime under the contemporary international law. Which of the following statements is correct?

•  The 1994 Agreement Establishing the World Trade Organization reinforced the procedure and rules of 1947 International Trade Organization (ITO).

•  The WTO Dispute Settlement Body's jurisdiction is over the covered agreements.

•  The final remedy of the WTO dispute settlement included restitution and money compensation.

•  The WTO members may conclude Regional Trade Agreements (RTAs) in accordance with the general exception provision of GATT Article XX.

• 12 Which of the followings may be parties in contentious cases before the International Court of Justice?

•  Individuals.

•  States.

•  Dependent territories.

•  International organizations.

• 13 According to the 'Protocol Additional to the Geneva Conventions of 12 August 1949, and relating to the Protection of Victims of International Armed Conflicts (Protocol I)', signed on June 8, 1977, indiscriminate attacks are prohibited. Which of the following conditions constitutes an indiscriminate attack?

•  Attacks directed at a specific military objective.

•  Carpet bombings directed at a city.

•  Attacks employing a method or means of combat against a specific military objective.

•  Massive attacks directed at all the tanks and soldiers on the field.

• 14 States have the responsibility to ensure that activities within their jurisdiction or control do not cause damage to the environment of other States or of areas beyond the limits of national jurisdiction. Which one of the principles conforms to the aforementioned requirement?

•  The principle of good neighborhood.

•  The polluter-pay principle.

•  The principle of precaution.

•  The principle of sustainable development.

• 15 In accordance with the current Act Governing the Choice of Law in Civil Matters Involving Foreign Elements where the applicable law is the national law of a party, but the national law of the party differs by reference to sub-national region or another factor, which law shall apply?

•  The law of the place in which the party is domiciled shall apply.

•  The law of the place in which the party is domestic domiciled shall apply.

•  The law of the capital of the country of the parties shall apply.

•  The law with which the party is most closely connected shall apply.

• 16 Regarding the standards of characterization, which of the following doctrines is adopted by the R.O.C. courts?

•  Lex fori.

•  Lex causae.

•  Lex patriae.

•  Lex loci actus.

• 17 Party A, having its main establishment in Japan, and Party B, having its main establishment in Korea, enter into a contract for the sale of Indonesian phoebe wood in Singapore, which contains a provision stating that all disputes relating to the breach of contract and damages compensation shall be governed by the law of Indonesia. Which law shall be applied by the R.O.C. court if a contractual dispute arises between the parties?

•  Japanese law.

•  Korean law.

•  Singaporean law.

•  Indonesian law.

• 18 Which of the following statements regarding the conflict of nationalities is correct?

•  Apassive conflict of nationalities means that a party has more than one nationality.

•  Marriage is one of the causes of an active conflict of nationalities.

•  Article 3 of the Act Governing the Choice of Law in Civil Matters Involving Foreign Elements stipulates that in the event of a passive conflict of nationalities, the law of the place of the party's residence shall apply.

•  Article 2 of the Act Governing the Choice of Law in Civil Matters Involving Foreign Elements stipulates that when a party has acquired multiple nationalities successively, the national law of the party shall be determined by the 'last-in-time' rule.

• 19 Seller A and buyer B conclude a Share Purchase Agreement regarding the control of company C. B sets a mortgage on his Malaysian farm to Bank D, which guarantees B's payment obligations under the agreement. The agreement between A and B stipulates that the operation of company C shall comply with the laws of Singapore, which is the country where C is established, that the rights and obligations of A and B are governed by the laws of Japan, and that Bank D's payment obligations are governed by the laws of Japan. If a dispute arises relating to the mortgage, which country's law shall be applied by the court?

•  Malaysia.

•  Japan.

•  Singapore.

•  The country of A and B's joint establishment.

• 20 Which of the following statements about evasion of the applicable law is NOT correct?

•  Evasion of the applicable law has three characteristics: continuity, fraud and illegality.

•  The laws of the Republic of China that are being evaded in Article 7 of the Act Governing the Choice of Law in Civil Matters Involving Foreign Elements are either compulsory or prohibitory provisions.

•  Article 7 of the Act Governing the Choice of Law in Civil Matters Involving Foreign Elements places limitations on the freedom of parties to change their applicable law.

•  An evasion of the applicable law differs from an evasion of law in both means and ends.

10960

頁次：

4

－

1

112 年公務人員特種考試外交領事人員及外交行政人員、 國際經濟商務人員、民航人員及原住民族考試試題

考 試 別：外交人員考試

等

別：三等考試

類科組別：外交領事人員類科英文組二

科

目：國際經濟（以英文命題及作答）

考試時間：

2 小時

座號：

※注意：禁止使用電子計算器。

甲、申論題部分：（

75 分）

•  請以英文作答，不必抄題，作答時請將試題題號及答案依照順序寫在申論試卷上，於本試題上作 答者，不予計分。

•  請以藍、黑色鋼筆或原子筆在申論試卷上作答。

• 一、 'Gains from trade', as relatively to autarky, indicates the benefit caused from international trade. Please answer the following related questions.

•  Use proper graphs to explain the 'gain from exchange' (consumption gain) and the 'gains from specialization' (production gain) in the Ricardian model and the neoclassical trade theory respectively. (10 points)

•  Gains from trade in the international monopolistic competitive markets. (10 points)

• 二、 The 'U.S.-Taiwan Initiative on 21st-Century Trade' is a free trade initiative for both Taiwan and the U.S.. Please illustrate the process and the achievements till now and the possible important issues in the following stage. (10 points)

• 三、 In the Home Market, the demand curve and supply curve of cars are D = 700 - P and S = -100 + P , respectively. The price of cars in the international market is $500.

•  What is the export supply function of Home? (5 points)

•  What are the gains from trade if Home can export cars? (5 points)

•  How will the Home's social welfare be changed if Home government subsidizes exports with $100 per unit? (10 points)

• 四、 Use the information in the following table (based on the Balance of Payments and International Investment Position Manual, Sixth Edition) on country X's international transactions to answer the following questions (amount are millions of U.S. dollars):

•  What is X's balance of goods and services? (5 points)

•  What is X's current account balance? (5 points)

•  If country X is under fixed exchange regime, what are the effects of X's current account balance on its price level, money supply, and the value of X's currency relative to U.S. dollar? (15 points)

• 乙、測驗題部分：（

25 分）

•  本試題為單一選擇題，請選出一個正確或最適當答案。

•  共 20 題，每題 1.25 分，須用 2B 鉛筆在試卡上依題號清楚劃記，於本試題或申論試卷上作答者，不予計分。

• 1 The interest rate on corporate bonds is typically than the interest rate on treasury bonds of the same maturity because corporate bonds are .

•  higher; riskier

•  higher; safer

•  lower; riskier

•  lower; safer

• 2 Acountry adopts an aggressive expansionary monetary policy that greatly expands its money supply. This will most likely .

•  increase inflation and appreciate the currency

•  increase inflation and depreciate the currency

•  decrease inflation and appreciate the currency

•  decrease inflation and depreciate the currency

• 3 Other things being equal, fiscal stimulus is likely to have a smaller short-term multiplier if .

•  it is targeted at lower-income households

•  the country is in a recession

•  it applies to infrastructure projects that take many years to complete

•  inflation is well below the central bank's long-term target

代號：

6109

• 4 ABig Mac meal costs $5 in the United States and 50 pesos in Mexico. The market exchange rate between U.S. dollars and pesos is 20 pesos per $1. Average income per capita in the United States is $60,000, and average income per capita in Mexico is 200,000 pesos. Measured using the market exchange rate, Mexican income per capita in U.S. dollars is . Adjusted for Purchasing Power Parity (using the Big Mac meal as the basket of goods), Mexican income per capita is .

•  $10,000; $20,000

•  $20,000; 4,000 Big Macs

•  $40,000; 40,000 pesos

•  $400,000; $40,000

• 5 The U.S. government reports that job growth was unexpectedly high. As a result, markets expect that the Federal Reserve Board is likely to , and in that day's trading, long-term bond yields .

•  raise interest rates; are unchanged

•  raise interest rates; rise

•  cut interest rates; rise

•  cut interest rates; fall

• 6 China and the U.S. both produce two goods: tradable cellular phones, and non-tradable haircuts. Each good is produced in competitive markets in a single process. Workers receive the marginal productivity for their labor. There are no trade costs for cellular phones, while for haircuts they are prohibitively high. The wage for per hour work is w RMB (Yuan) in China and w* dollars in U.S.. Suppose that, in one hour, a Chinese laborer produces 3 cell phones and an American laborer produces 15 cellular phones, while one laborer produces only one haircut in both countries. Suppose the price of a cellular phone is 2 RMB. Let E be the nominal exchange rate of RMB per dollar. If E = 5, what is the price of a cellular phone in dollars?

•  0.8

•  0.5

•  0.4

•  0.3

• 7 Suppose that Guatemala can produce 1 ton of bananas or 2 tons of sugarcane on one acre of land, and that Brazil can produce 6 tons of bananas or 3 tons of sugarcane on one acre of land. Hence, has the comparative advantage in sugarcane production because it can produce sugarcane for the lowest .

•  Guatemala; opportunity cost

•  Guatemala; total cost

•  Brazil; opportunity cost

•  Brazil; total cost

• 8 Other things being equal, what will happen to the price of a bond if the rate of return on similar assets rises?  The price of the bond goes up.

•  The price of the bond goes down.

•  This will not affect the price of the bond.

•  The price of the bond might go up, go down, or remain the same.

• 9 During an international financial crisis, many depositors' withdrawing of their funds from a bank at the same time is most likely to cause .

•  a fire sale of the bank's assets

•  the bank's liabilities to rise

•  the bank's cash reserves to increase

•  an increase in lending by the bank

• 10 Other things being equal, an increase in U.S. interest rates relative to interest rates in the rest of the world will cause the dollar to and net exports to .

•  appreciate; drop

•  depreciate; drop

•  appreciate; increase

•  depreciate; increase

• 11 Under the flexible exchange rate system, the responses of an economy to a temporary fall in foreign demand for its exports are .

•  output falls, and the domestic currency appreciates

•  output falls, and the domestic currency depreciates

•  output increases, and the domestic currency depreciates

•  output remains constant, and the domestic currency depreciates

• 12 Country S is endowed with 1,200 units of labor and can produce two tradable commodities, i.e., clothing and computers. The labor requirement per unit of clothing is 8 and that of computers is 16. Country N is endowed with 800 units of labor and requires 4 units of labor per unit of clothing and 5 units of labor per unit of computers. What is the opportunity cost of clothing in terms of computers for countries S and N , respectively?

• 13 Which of the following is the closest to a lender of last resort of the world?

•  The World Bank

•  The International Monetary Fund

•  The World Trade Organization

•  The United Nations

• 14 Fixed exchange rate regimes have the advantage in that they , but have the disadvantage in that they .

•  promote trade; make it impossible to conduct independent countercyclical monetary policy

•  make it possible to conduct independent countercyclical monetary policy; discourage trade

•  eliminate current account deficits; make it impossible to conduct independent countercyclical monetary policy

•  eliminate current account deficits; discourage trade

• 15 Which of the following is the reason why do economies often see stronger economic growth accompanied by larger trade deficits?

•  Higher output leads to greater consumption and investment, including that of imported goods. Imports therefore go up and net exports go down.

•  Countries generally get stronger growth through expansionary monetary policy, and expansionary monetary policy therefore increases trade deficits.

•  Lower tariffs help economic growth and also result in substantial reductions in the trade deficit.

•  The labor demand curve shifts to the left due to wages going down.

• 16 The United States agrees with China that from now on China will buy their soybeans from the United States instead of from Brazil. This decision is not expected to change the overall levels of national saving and investment in the U.S.. This is most likely to the U.S. trade deficit with China and the

• U.S. trade deficit with countries other than China.

•  decrease; decrease

•  decrease; not change

•  decrease; increase

•  not change; not change

• 17 By fixing the exchange rate, which of the following impacts should the central bank give up?

•  Increasing government spending.

•  Influencing the economy through fiscal policy.

•  Depreciating the domestic currency.

•  Influencing the economy through monetary policy.

• 18 The Heckscher-Ohlin model of comparative advantage differs from the Ricardian model in that the former model has .

•  two countries

•  two products

•  two factors of production

•  two production possibility curves (one for each country)

• 19 Which of the following events triggered the East Asian financial crisis in 1997?

•  South Korea's inability to pay its debts.

•  Devaluation of South Korea's currency.

•  Thailand's inability to pay its debts.

•  Devaluation of Thailand's currency.

• 20 When comparing standards of living across countries in the same year, economists typically .

•  use market exchange rates to express GDP per capita in the same currency units

•  use purchasing power parity adjustments to express GDP per capita in the same currency units, and account for differences in the cost of living

•  use price indices to adjust GDP per capita for inflation in both countries

•  look at overall GDP rather than GDP per capita