102 年公務人員升官等考試、 102 年關務人員升官等考試 102 年交通事業郵政、港務、公路人員升資考試試題 代號 ： 全一頁 14610 -19310 30210 -30410

等別(級)： 簡任

類科(別)： 技術類-公務、技術類-關務

科 目： 策略規劃與問題解決

考試時間：

2 小時

※注意：

 禁止使用電子計算器。

 不必抄題，作答時請將試題題號及答案依照順序寫在試卷上，於本試題上作答者，不予計分。

• 一、成本效益分析為輔助決策方法之一，請分析貨幣化成本效益分析的優點與缺失。 （ 15 分）

• 二、由於科技與技術之推陳出新，政府法令常有不足之處，

•  請例舉案例；（ 5 分）

•  請研擬預防與管理制度。（ 15 分）

• 三、氣候變遷為未來須面臨及解決之問題，

•  請說明氣候變遷之產生原因；（ 10 分）

•  請說明氣候變遷對臺灣之影響項目與情形；（ 10 分）

•  對上述各項可能影響項目，請研擬政府之因應對策。（ 20 分）

• 四、關於決策與策略規劃時，經常面臨不確定性（ uncertainty ）的情況，

•  請說明不確定性之種類；（ 10 分）

•  請依上述各類不確定性說明因應方法。（ 15 分）

座號：

• 102 年公務人員升官等考試、 102 年關務人員升官等考試

• 102 年交通事業郵政、港務、公路人員升資考試試題

代號：

10120 - 19320

30120 - 30420

頁次：

4 － 1

等別 ( 級 )

：簡任

類科 ( 別 )

：各類科 - 公務、各類別 - 關務

科

目：中華民國憲法與英文

考試時間：

2 小時

座號：

※注意：禁止使用電子計算器。

甲、申論題部分：（ 50 分）

 不必抄題，作答時請將試題題號及答案依照順序寫在申論試卷上，於本試題上作答者，不予計分。  請以藍、黑色鋼筆或原子筆在申論試卷上作答。

• 一、何謂「依法行政」？「依法行政」和憲法有何關聯性？並請具體舉例說明之。 （ 25 分）

• 二、外國勞工薪資與本國勞工薪資是否應相同或脫鈎，向來有不同之爭論，有的以國內 經濟發展角度出發，有的以國際人權角度出發，都有各自可能合理的論點。請問以 上「各該贊成或反對論點的內容」和「憲法」有什麼關聯性？請從憲法的角度提出 自己的論點。（ 25 分）

乙、測驗題部分：（ 50

分） 代號：

2101

•  本測驗試題為單一選擇題，請選出一個正確或最適當的答案，複選作答者，該題不予計分。

•  共 25 題，每題 2 分，須用 2B 鉛筆在試卡上依題號清楚劃記，於本試題或申論試卷上作答者，不予計分。

• 1 A computer modeling was performed to what would happen to the nuclear reactor in a severe accident, such as the loss of all electric power.

•  absorb

•  assess

•  convert

•  delay

• 2 When Jane was asked for detailed information, we all wondered if we could trust her of the event that happened so long ago.

•  catastrophes

•  proportions

•  reminiscences

•  supplements

• 3 Martha, like many people, has a self-esteem ; even though she is smart and good-looking, she never thinks much of herself.

•  analysis

•  hardship

•  issue

•  subject

• 4 Roberta cared so much for her students that she often felt like a parent to them, and she missed them dearly when they graduated.

•  metaphysical

•  paramount

•  representative

•  surrogate

• 5 When a company is bankrupt, it often has to its assets in order to pay part of its debts.

•  confiscate

•  devastate

•  liquidate

•  propagate

• 6 The recruited volunteers have to receive 80 hours of training before they are allowed to become members of rescue teams.

•  disposable

•  mandatory

•  prodigal

•  vicious

• 7 People with strong ethnic identities tend to experience high group pride and display a stronger to their ethnic group.

•  advancement

•  commitment

•  disposition

•  patriotism

8 According to a research, women's hotel preferences are very different from men's with key on safety and comfort.

•  anxieties

•  escorts

•  motifs

•  priorities

• 9 The top of the Taipei 101 commands a view of the Taipei city. It has become the most popular tourist attraction in Taipei.

•  devastating

•  pessimistic

•  spectacular

•  transparent

10 David's of his hobby is increasingly distracting him from his work. Having a hobby is good, but he shouldn't let it influence his life.

•  confession

•  knowledge

•  pursuit

•  rationale

• 11 Ever since Daniel started his lung cancer treatment, he has suffered through the effects of the medicine.

•  brutish

•  debilitating

•  ineradicable

•  marginal

• 12 In order to have a blood test, the nurse stuck a needle into a in Rachel's arm.

•  wound

•  cell

•  hole

•  vessel

• 13 This piece of jade was made in the Han dynasty. It is not just valuable-it is absolutely .

•  colossal

•  hilarious

•  outrageous

•  priceless

• 14 The book, Battle Hymn of the Tiger Mother , chronicles the author's iron-willed decision to raise her daughters her way, the Chinese way, and the remarkable results her choice inspires.

•  In the book, the author examines the Chinese method of parenting with her iron will.

•  It's a book about how and why the author's daughters find her iron will inspiring.

•  The book describes how inspiring a Chinese mother thinks raising children is.

•  The book is about how the author chooses to raise her children and what the result is.

• 15 Countries that send migrants abroad want to make sure that expatriates do not become ex-patriots.

•  Countries with migrants abroad want to ensure their patriotism remains unchanged.

•  Countries that send migrants abroad want to make sure that expatriates do not return.



Countries with patriotic migrants abroad are quite certain that their migrators remain patriotic.

•  Countries with foreign immigrants want to guarantee the immigrants are patriotic to the new country.

• 16 Pure love and suspicion cannot dwell together: at the door where the latter enters, the former makes its exit.

•  There is no love without suspicion.

•  Love and suspicion are roommates.

•  Love without suspicion is not pure love.

•  Pure love and suspicion are incompatible.

請依下文回答第 17 題至第 21 題

One of the most legendary stories of alchemy is that of Nicholas Flamel. According to the legend, he lived in Paris during the 14th century, where he worked as a copyist. During the performance of his duties, he came across a very large and very ancient book, bound in brass and written on papyrus leaves gilded with gold.

The writing on the cover was in a strange and unknown language, and the book was organized into three sections of seven leaves each. Strange images and figures were painted on the seventh leaf of each section, including a virgin being swallowed by serpents, a serpent being crucified on a cross, and a beautiful landscape watered by fountains from which many writhing serpents emerged.

Nicholas spent many years in deciphering the writings and the symbols of the book which, of course, included instruction in the process of transmuting base metals into gold. His difficulty was that the secret ingredient, the Philosopher's Stone, was encoded within the paintings, and these he could not figure out. Finally he found a doctor, a Christianized Jew, who was able to help him decode the secret of the magical stone. Nicholas returned to his laboratories in Paris in the company of the doctor, who unfortunately fell sick and died on the way. But after three years of experimentation, Nicholas finally succeeded in producing the 'prime agent' of transmutation, and he and his wife became quite wealthy as a result. By the beginning of the 15th century, they had founded fourteen hospitals, built three chapels, endowed seven churches, and restored cemeteries in Paris and Boulogne. Thus, Nicholas proved himself truly worthy of the secret ingredient of alchemy, by using the profits from his discovery to help humanity rather than solely to enrich himself.

17 Before he came across the ancient book, what was Nicholas Flamel?

•  An alchemist

•  An artisan

•  A copyist

•  A priest

18 Which material is NOT used to produce the ancient book Flamel came across?

•  Brass

•  Gold

•  Silver

•  Papyrus

19 Which of the following statements is true about the ancient book?

•  The language on the cover was written in French.

•  There were altogether 18 pages missing from the book.

•  There were 5 paintings gilded with gold inside the book.

•  Snakes were the major animals drawn in the book.

20 Who helped Nicholas to decipher the secret of the Philosopher's Stone?

•  A Frenchman

•  A Jew

•  A virgin

•  A philosopher

21 Which of the following words best describes the character of Nicholas?

•  Generous

•  Greedy

•  Optimistic

•  Pessimistic

請依下文回答第 22 題至第 25 題

If you cheated on your spouse, would you admit it to a researcher? That question is one of the biggest challenges in the scientific study of marriage. 22 Surveys conducted in person are likely to underestimate the real rate of adultery because people are reluctant to admit such behavior not just to their spouses but to anyone. For example, researchers from the University of Colorado and Texas A&M surveyed 4,884 married women, using face-to-face interviews and anonymous computer questionnaires. 23 In contrast, on the computer questionnaire, more than 6 percent did.

A handful of new studies suggest surprising changes in the marital landscape in the United States. 24 For example, University of Washington researchers have found that the lifetime rate of infidelity for men over 60 increased from 20 to 28 percent to 15 percent. 25 About 20 percent of men and 15 percent of women under 35 say they have ever been unfaithful, up from about 15 and 12 percent, respectively, over the past fifteen years. While infidelity rates do appear to be rising, a vast majority of people still say adultery is wrong, and most men and women do not appear to be unfaithful.

• 22  Notably, a surprisingly increasing number of younger women appear to be cheating on their spouses.

•  Their findings show that infidelity appears to be on the rise, particularly among older people and young couples.

•  At the same time, experts say that surveys appearing in sources like women's magazines may overstate the adultery rate.

•  And interestingly, it helps explain why different studies produce different estimates of infidelity rates in the United States.

• 23  The researchers also see big changes in relatively new marriages in younger couples.

•  In the interviews, only 1 percent of women said they had been unfaithful to their husbands in the past year.

•  At the same time, experts say that surveys appearing in sources like women's magazines may overstate the adultery rate.

•  And interestingly, it helps explain why different studies produce different estimates of infidelity rates in the United States.

• 24  Notably, a surprisingly increasing number of younger women appear to be cheating on their spouses.

•  In the interviews, only 1 percent of women said they had been unfaithful to their husbands in the past year.

•  Their findings show that infidelity appears to be on the rise, particularly among older people and young couples.

•  At the same time, experts say that surveys appearing in sources like women's magazines may overstate the adultery rate.

• 25  The researchers also see big changes in relatively new marriages in younger couples.

•  Notably, a surprisingly increasing number of younger women appear to be cheating on their spouses.

•  Their findings show that infidelity appears to be on the rise, particularly among older people and young couples.

•  At the same time, experts say that surveys appearing in sources like women's magazines may overstate the adultery rate.

102 年公務人員升官等考試、 102 年關務人員升官等考試 102 年交通事業郵政、港務、公路人員升資考試試題 代號 ： 18830 全一張 （正面）

等別(級)： 簡任

類科(別)： 工業工程

科 目： 作業研究（包括線性規劃與等候理論）

考試時間：

2 小時

※注意：

 禁止使用電子計算器。

 不必抄題，作答時請將試題題號及答案依照順序寫在試卷上，於本試題上作答者，不予計分。

• 一、工廠生產兩種產品，產品一及二的單位利潤分別是 $6 及 $3 、生產一單位產品一需耗 用 A 機台 2 小時及 B 機台 3 小時，生產一單位產品二需耗用 B 機台 2 小時及 C 機 台 3 小時。 A 、 B 及 C 機台每天可用的產能分別是 12 小時、 24 小時及 15 小時。工 廠該如何決定產品一及二每天的生產數量以最大化利潤：（產品生產數量可為分 數）

•  建立該決策問題的線性規劃模式。（請定義決策變數）（ 5 分）

•  利用圖解法求解該問題之最佳解及其最佳利潤。（圖解需表明目標式、限制式、 可行解區間、最佳解及其對應的目標值）（ 10 分）

•  工廠若僅能增加一種機台產能，其餘機台產能維持不變，請問工廠該增加那種機 台產能？容許增加上限是多少？（請說明理由）（ 10 分）

•  建立  的對偶問題。（ 5 分）

•  由  的最佳解，求解對偶問題的最佳解。（ 10 分）

•  工廠研發新產品，生產該產品一單位需使用 A 、 B 及 C 機台各 1 小時，產品的單 位利潤是＄ 2 。請問工廠是否該生產新產品？（ 10 分）

• 二、 C 大學的資訊中心需工讀生回答學生的問題，共有 3 位工讀生，每位工讀生每小時 的工資、星期一至五可提供的諮詢時間（單位：小時）如下表。資訊中心每天需要 安排 8 小時的諮詢時間，每位工讀生每週至少 10 小時的工讀時間。在最小化每週 工資目標下， C 大學的資訊中心該如何安排每位工讀生每天的工讀時數？請定義決 策變數，並建立該決策問題的整數規劃模式。（不必求解）（ 10 分）

座號：

102 年公務人員升官等考試、 102 年關務人員升官等考試 102 年交通事業郵政、港務、公路人員升資考試試題 代號 ： 18830 全一張 （背面）

等別(級)： 簡任

類科(別)： 工業工程

科 目： 作業研究（包括線性規劃與等候理論）

• 三、某加油站其顧客（車）到達的時間間隔（ interarrival times ）服從指數分配（ exponential distribution ），平均每兩部車到達時間間隔是 10 分鐘。該系統僅有一位服務人員， 其服務每部車的時間服從指數分配，每部車平均服務時間是 5 分鐘。等候空間假設 為無窮大，每部車加完油才會離開。請回答以下問題：

•  目前的時間是 9:00 ，  上部車的到達時間是 8:30 ；  上部車到達時間是 8:55 。請 依據指數分配的特性說明  與  在 9:20 前仍沒有車到達的機率是否相同？各是多 少？（ 5 分）

•  建構平衡方程式（ balance equations ）。（ 5 分）

•  請問某部車到達時，馬上可接受服務的機率是多少？（ 5 分）

•  計算每部車待在此系統內的平均時間 W （含被服務時間和等候時間）、等候線上 平均的人數 Lq 及系統內平均的人數 L （含被服務顧客）。（ 15 分）

•  若大卡車平均每小時到達 5 部，小客車平均每小時到達 8 部，各車種到達時間間 隔皆服從指數分配。不考慮車種的情況下，請依指數分配的特性導出顧客（車） 到達時間間隔的分配函數。（ 10 分）

102 年公務人員升官等考試、 102 年關務人員升官等考試 102 年交通事業郵政、港務、公路人員升資考試試題 代號 ： 18840 全一頁

等別(級)： 簡任

類科(別)： 工業工程

科 目： 工程經濟學研究

考試時間：

2 小時

※注意：

 可以使用電子計算器。

 不必抄題，作答時請將試題題號及答案依照順序寫在試卷上，於本試題上作答者，不予計分。

• 一、某公共建設之興建期間為 5 年，年度投資金額如下：

座號：

單位：億元

該投資擬以貸款籌措興建期間之資金，年度貸款金額如上表，貸款利率固定為 3.5% ， 興建期間不支付本息。若該貸款在完工後還款期限為 10 年，以等值年金（ Annuity ） 方式償還，試問該建設在還款期間每年必須創造多少息前稅前營收才能還清所有貸 款。（ 25 分）

• 二、某高速鐵路投資案發生累積虧損 800 億元，但從今年起出現盈餘 30 億元，且後續 年度盈餘成長率預估為 3% 。該案投資人最近提出費率調整方案，擬調高費率 9.5% ， 若政府同意從下年度開始調高費率 9.5% ，且要求所有盈餘都用來填補虧損，試問該 案之累積虧損在幾年之後可以完全彌平？（ 25 分）

• 三、承第二題，若該案投資人同時提出延長經營期間之方案，擬將經營期間從目前之 20 年延長為 99 年，若政府同意該案，試問該同意案可為投資人創造多少投資價值？ （假設投資人之資金成本為 12% ）（ 25 分）

• 四、試說明工程投資風險評估中使用決策樹（ Decision Trees ）進行評估之過程及結果。 （ 25 分）