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108年 高考三級 氣象｜歷屆考題全文（機器抽取）

108年公務人員高等考試三級考試暨普通考試氣象類科歷屆試題，含國文（作文、公文與測驗）、法學知識與英文（包括中華民國憲法、法學緒論、英文）、應用數學（包括微積分、微分方程與向量分析）等 8 科。

共 8 份考卷｜資料來源：依政府資料開放授權條款（OGDL）第 1 版利用，資料集：考選部歷屆試題（data.gov.tw dataset 170565），108 年。

本頁文字由 PDF 機器抽取，可能有辨識誤差，僅供搜尋參考，請以官方原始檔案為準。

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國文（作文、公文與測驗）

下載：題目　答案

108 年公務人員高等考試三級考試試題

類

科：各類科（除公職醫事檢驗師、公職藥師、公職護理師、公職臨床心理師外）

科

目：國文（作文、公文與測驗）

考試時間：

2 小時

座號：

※注意：禁止使用電子計算器。

代號：

20110-29910

頁次：

3 － 1

甲、 申 論 部 分 ： （

60

分）

甲、作文與公文部分：

 請以藍、黑色鋼筆或原子筆在申論試卷上由左至右橫式作答，於本試題上作答者，不予計分。  不得於試卷上書寫姓名或入場證號。

一、作文：（ 60 分）

胡適曾經以「差不多先生」諷刺我們民族性裡凡事馬馬虎虎，得過 且過的毛病，提醒國人行事應當力求精確，認真不苟。然而我們又 看到有「大行不顧細謹」、「大事不拘小節」的說法。請問此二說 究竟是可以相濟為用呢？抑或相互矛盾？請以「任事應有的態度 與做法」為題，作文一篇，闡述己見，文中必須論及上揭二說的相 濟為用或相互矛盾。

二、公文：（ 20 分）

鑑於邇來各界對於公務人員不能體察民意掌握輿情，致陳情案件有 明顯增加之趨勢，請參考下列資訊，試擬行政院致所屬各機關及各 直轄市、縣（市）政府函：為落實「人民的小事，是政府的大事」 之施政理念，應本同理心等觀念妥適處理民眾陳情案件，以紓解民 怨、保障人權，讓人民有感。

乙、測驗部分：（

20

分） 代號：

1201

上文最想表達的是什麼？

3 － 3

 詞中的「幽人」與「孤鴻」皆有孤獨清高的形象，人鴻合一

「寂寞沙洲冷」，以鴻雁獨宿於清冷的沙洲，反襯幽人力爭上游不甘寂寞的意志

根據上文，下列選項何者符合所描述的意境？

下列敘述，符合上文觀點的是：

 與其對群眾說理，不如加強行為管制  決策者肯放低姿態，將有助說理成效

法學知識與英文（包括中華民國憲法、法學緒論、英文）

下載：題目　答案

代號：

3201

頁次：

4 － 1

108 年公務人員高等考試三級考試試題

類

科： 各類科（除公職醫事檢驗師、公職藥師、公職護理師、公職臨床心理師外）

科 目：

法學知識與英文（包括中華民國憲法、法學緒論、英文）

考試時間：

1 小時

座號：

※注意：

 本試題為單一選擇題，請選出一個正確或最適當的答案，複選作答者，該題不予計分。

由行政院提出憲法修正案，送請立法院決議通過

由總統提出憲法修正案，經人民投票複決通過

由人民提出憲法修正案，送請立法院複決通過

由立法院提出憲法修正案，經人民投票複決通過

不僅適用於徵收前及徵收時，亦應擴及於徵收後之階段

6

下列何者不屬於地方制度法所稱之地方自治團體？

臺灣省

高雄市

花蓮縣

限於最高法院或最高行政法院繫屬中之案件

商業性意見表達亦屬言論自由保障之範圍，要求藥物廣告刊播前先送審，已違背事前檢查之禁止原則

隱私權非屬憲法明文列舉之權利

個人指紋受憲法隱私權之保障

個人資料自主控制權亦屬於隱私權

隱私權為憲法所保障財產權之一種

立法院逾期未議決覆議案，原決議失效

覆議時，如經全體立法委員二分之一以上決議維持原案，行政院院長應即接受或辭職

執政黨秘書長

公務員懲戒

 台新銀行董事長

 中華郵政股份有限公司董事長

退休公務人員

嘉義市

間接法

貸與人故意或重大過失不告知借用物之瑕疵，致借用人受損害者，負賠償責任

甲如選擇

B

地實行抵押權，丙於

B

地清償之限度內，承受甲對乙之債權。但不得有害於甲之利益

有效，因為當事人可任意約定契約內容

無效，因為違反平等互惠原則

原則有效，除非顧客反對才會無效

如果餐廳曾告知顧客此規定，則有效，若無，則無效

代號： 3201 頁次： 4 － 3

The suspected suicide of actor and comedian Robin Williams is being linked, in part, to depression. Many Americans suffer from the condition. But, many also are trying to help people with depression. They are finding ways to bring attention to depression and ways to treat it.

For example, thousands of people take part in what are called 'Out of the Darkness Walks.' 38 They also hope to raise money for suicide prevention efforts and research into depression.

Steve Iselin served in the Navy for 20 years. After his retirement, he began to look for another job. That is when he began feeling hopeless. He said,'I had a great sense of dread every day. Agony is another word that comes to mind. I didn't want to do anything that I would normally like to do. I had no interest in seeing other people.' Steve Iselin did find a job. But he left after one week because he told himself he could not do the work. Everything he did seemed very difficult. Decisions were painful, even having to choose what he would wear that day or what to eat. Mr. Iselin was suffering from depression.

Bob Gebbia heads the American Foundation for Suicide Prevention. He says being depressed is very different from being sad or having a bad day. He says that about 20 million people are found to have clinical depression in the United States every year. 39 He notes that some people are more likely than others to get depressed. 'Let's say you lose your job, divorce, or, you know, a loss of someone.'

After Robin Williams' death, the American Foundation for the Prevention of Suicide released a statement. The foundation said Mr. Williams: 'brought laughter into every life he touched; Robin also suffered from depression. 40 Every 13 minutes someone dies from suicide, and it is among the top ten causes of death in the U.S.' The group said more needs to be done to prevent suicides. It called for greater attention to mental health issues, warning signs, and effective forms of intervention and treatment.

Steve Iselin was lucky. His wife recognized the signs of depression. She helped him get the expert care he needed. But he says that was not true of his brother's son. Mr. Iselin says his nephew became depressed a few years later and killed himself. A year after his nephew's death, Mr. Iselin visited his brother in San Francisco and heard about the 'Out of the Darkness Walks.' The American Foundation for Suicide Prevention organized the event. Both men took part. 41 Since then, Steve Iselin has volunteered with the American Foundation for Suicide Prevention, taking part in many community walks.

請依下文回答第 42 題至第 45 題：

As people woke up at dawn on the farm, one person was already up. 42 An old man from Thailand claimed he has not slept for 33 years: 'My insomnia started many years ago after I got a fever. 43 But nothing helps.' Amazingly, since then he has never once been ill. He spent the day farming and taking care of his pigs and at night he patrols the village. 44 Doctors said a chronic lack of sleep often causes anorexia, lethargy and irritability.

45 He was certainly one of them.

請依下文回答第 46 題至第 50 題：

Those who doubt the power of human beings to change Earth's climate should look to the Arctic, and shiver. There is no need to pore over records of temperatures and atmospheric carbon-dioxide concentrations. The process is starkly visible in the shrinkage of the ice that covers the Arctic ocean. In the past 30 years, the minimum coverage of summer ice has fallen by half; its volume has fallen by three-quarters. On current trends, the Arctic ocean will be largely ice-free in summer by 2040.

Climate-change sceptics will shrug. Some may even celebrate: an ice-free Arctic ocean promises a shortcut for shipping between the Pacific coast of Asia and the Atlantic coasts of Europe and the Americas, and the possibility of prospecting for perhaps a fifth of the planet's undiscovered supplies of oil and natural gas. Such reactions are profoundly misguided. Never mind that the low price of oil and gas means searching for them in the Arctic is no longer worthwhile. Or that the much-vaunted sea passages are likely to carry only a trickle of trade. The right response is fear. The Arctic is not merely a bellwether of matters climatic, but an actor in them.

The current period of global warming that Earth is undergoing is caused by certain gases in the atmosphere, notably carbon dioxide. These admit heat, in the form of sunlight, but block its radiation back into space, in the form of longer-wave-length infra-red. That traps heat in the air, the water and the land. More carbon dioxide equals more warming--a simple equation. Except it is not simple. A number of feedback loops complicate matters. Some dampen warming down; some speed it up. Two in the Arctic may speed it up quite a lot.

One is that seawater is much darker than ice. It absorbs heat rather than reflecting it back into space. That melts more ice, which leaves more seawater exposed, which melts more ice. And so on. This helps explain why the Arctic is warming faster than the rest of the planet. The deal on climate change made in Paris in 2015 is meant to stop Earth's surface temperature rising by more than 2 ° C above pre-industrial levels. In the unlikely event that it is fully implemented, winter temperatures over the Arctic ocean will still warm by between 5 ° C and 9 ° C compared with their 1986-2005 average.

The second feedback loop concerns not the water but the land. In the Arctic much of this is permafrost. That frozen soil locks up a lot of organic material. If the permafrost melts its organic contents can escape as a result of fire or decay, in the form of carbon dioxide or methane (which is a more potent greenhouse gas than CO2). This will speed up global warming directly--and the soot from the fires, when it settles on the ice, will darken it and thus speed its melting still more.

應用數學（包括微積分、微分方程與向量分析）

下載：題目

官方不公布申論答案

代號：

28460

頁次：

1 － 1

108 年公務人員高等考試三級考試試題

類

科：氣象

科

目：應用數學（包括微積分、微分方程與向量分析）

考試時間：

2 小時

座號：

※注意：

 禁止使用電子計算器。

and 0 otherwise. if , ) ( b x a kx x f < < =

四、請解下列的偏微分方程式。 （ 20 分）

氣候學（包括氣象統計）

下載：題目

官方不公布申論答案

代號：

28420

頁次：

1 － 1

類

科：氣象

科

目：氣候學（包括氣象統計）

考試時間：

※注意：

2 小時

 禁止使用電子計算器。

108 年公務人員高等考試三級考試試題

座號：

天氣學（包括天氣分析與天氣預報）

下載：題目

官方不公布申論答案

代號：

28440

頁次：

1 － 1

108 年公務人員高等考試三級考試試題

類

科：氣象

科

目：天氣學（包括天氣分析與天氣預報）

考試時間：

2 小時

座號：

※注意：

 禁止使用電子計算器。

大氣測計學（包括傳統觀測與遙測）

下載：題目

官方不公布申論答案

代號：

28450

頁次：

1 － 1

108 年公務人員高等考試三級考試試題

類

科：氣象

科

目：大氣測計學（包括傳統觀測與遙測）

考試時間：

2 小時

※注意：

 禁止使用電子計算器。

座號：

大氣動力學

下載：題目

官方不公布申論答案

代號：

28470

頁次：

1 － 1

108 年公務人員高等考試三級考試試題

類

科：氣象

科

目：大氣動力學

考試時間：

2 小時

※注意：

 禁止使用電子計算器。

座號：

大氣物理學（包括大氣輻射與雲物理）

下載：題目

官方不公布申論答案

代號：

28480

頁次：

2 － 1

108 年公務人員高等考試三級考試試題

類

科：氣象

科

目：大氣物理學（包括大氣輻射與雲物理）

考試時間：

2 小時

座號：

※注意：

 禁止使用電子計算器。

四、根據你對於氣象雷達的知識，請回答下列問題： （每小題

10

分，共

20

分）

ρ

ρ

+Δ

o

f

U

o

ρ

h

x

Gust front

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