108 年公務、關務人員升官等考試、 108 年交通 事業郵政、公路、港務人員升資考試試題

代號：

14610-19510

30210-30410

頁次：

1 － 1

等

級：簡任

類科 （別） ：技術類－公務、技術類－關務

科

目：策略規劃與問題解決

考試時間：

2 小時

※注意：

 禁止使用電子計算器。

•  不必抄題，作答時請將試題題號及答案依照順序寫在試卷上，於本試題上作答者，不予計分。

•  本科目除專門名詞或數理公式外，應使用本國文字作答。

• 一、試以青年低薪問題為例，說明政策分析家在進行問題診斷時，必須注意 的原則，以及前述原則在建構青年低薪問題的應用。 （ 25 分）

• 二、在策略規劃過程，政策分析家需要蒐集資料，以研擬目標，但由於資訊 科技快速進步，常遭遇到問題不在於「資料貧乏」 ，而是「資料氾濫」 或「資料充血」 。試說明前述問題的意涵，以及如何避免該問題的發生。 （ 25 分）

• 三、何謂政策議程設定？試舉我國一項政策議題為例，說明媒體對議程設定 的影響情形。 （ 25 分）

• 四、公共組織策略管理在當前變動快速的環境下，面臨了組織與外環境之間 密切關係、互動頻繁的各種挑戰，組織不僅要求變，更要在變動中堅持 自己長遠的奮鬥目標，才能使組織生存下去。請問前些挑戰為何？試申 論之。 （ 25 分）

座號：

108 年公務、關務人員升官等考試、 108 年交通 事業郵政、公路、港務人員升資考試試題

代號：

10120-19520

30120-30420

頁次：

4 － 1

等

級：簡任

類科 （別） ：各類科－公務、各類別－關務

科

目：中華民國憲法與英文

考試時間：

2 小時

※注意：禁止使用電子計算器。

甲、申論題部分：（

50 分）

•  不必抄題，作答時請將試題題號及答案依照順序寫在申論試卷上，於本試題上作答者，不予計分。

•  請以藍、黑色鋼筆或原子筆在申論試卷上作答。

•  本科目除專門名詞或數理公式外，應使用本國文字作答。

• 一、為保護兒童及少年權益，衛生福利部擬修正兒童及少年福利與權益保障 法，規定無業者在場看管之自動販賣機，因無法辨認或查驗消費者是否 已滿 18 歲，機內不得放置含酒精成分之食品、飲料，以及有害兒童及 少年身心健康之書籍與物品，供消費者夾取與購買。甲為經營選物販賣 機業者，主張其開業時並無此等禁令，現若果以此嗣後訂定之新法對其 機具中原有放置之內容物相繩，將違反法令不溯及既往之法治國原則， 顯屬違憲。試問：甲之主張有無理由？（ 25 分）

• 二、國家以設立股份有限公司之組織形式，提供人民信件傳遞之通訊服務， 或是商港港埠規劃、建設及經營管理業務，以提升彈性及效率。試問： 此等國營公司於業務範疇內對人民從事私法行為時，是否應受憲法平等 原則之拘束？（ 25 分）

• 乙、測驗題部分：（ 50 分）

代號： 2101

•  本測驗試題為單一選擇題，請選出一個正確或最適當的答案，複選作答者，該題不予計分。

•  共 25 題，每題 2 分，須用 2B 鉛筆在試卡上依題號清楚劃記，於本試題或申論試卷上作答者，不予計分。

• 1 To

• your level of competency in speaking a foreign language, you need to practice it every day. drop  violate  assign  maintain 

• 2 The body reacts to high levels of mercury, which have been linked to many such as muscle pain, hair loss, birth defects, and muscle fatigue.

species



spectrums



stereotypes



symptoms



• 3 Hundreds of monkeys are free throughout the campus, approaching people and expecting to be fed. escorting  roaming  swamping  tailgating 

• 4 Nowadays, those who possess better knowledge in technologies will have higher chance to be employed, because their ______ in the field will help companies to meet future needs.

• expertise 

 avoidance

surprise 

 disinterest

座號：

5 About ten years ago, Roger came across the of his life; he was bankrupted, divorced and was diagnosed with cancer.

nadir





依下文回答第 6 題至第 10 題

You may believe that you have forgotten the mother tongue you spoke as a child, but your brain hasn't. That 'forgotten' first language may well influence 6 goes on in your brain when you speak English or Japanese today. Researchers from McGill University and the Montreal Neurological Institute describe their discovery that even brief, early 7 to a language influences how the brain processes sounds from a second language later in life -- even when the first language learned is 8 spoken. It is an important finding because it tells scientists not only how the brain becomes wired for language, but also how that hardwiring can change and 9 over time in response to new language environments. The researchers believe that their findings speak to the unique and 10 influence of early language experience on later brain organization. The information may also be important for creating educational practices geared to different types of learners.

依下文回答第 11 題至第 15 題

Communication is of basic importance within science itself. I think we would all agree that free communication is essential for progress in science, 11 there have been problems at the frontier with technology because in the world of commerce you cannot reveal everything you are doing. These frontier problems have been 12 in recent times; in many fields, my own of molecular biology 13 , the old openness has to some extent disappeared. Some of my younger colleagues do not want to talk in public about their work, because they think that if they speak about their own 'secret,' somebody else will 14 it and make money out of it. Of course, this is only a partial view: science is also for the benefit of mankind. But the process of 15 knowledge from the academic world, with its tradition of openness, to the world of technology and commerce does present difficulties that have still not been resolved. In my view they are very serious problems.

novice



influence



peace

30120-30420

頁次：

4 － 3

依下文回答第 16 題至第 20 題

The concept of money laundering regulations goes back to ancient times and is intertwined with the development of money and banking. Money laundering is first seen with individuals hiding wealth from the government to avoid taxation or confiscation or a combination of both. Nowadays it has evolved into a complex and highly technical process of transforming profits from illegal activities into 16 'legitimate' assets without raising the suspicion of law enforcement agencies. After money has been suitably laundered or 'cleaned,' it can be used in the mainstream economy for accumulation of wealth, such as acquisitions of properties, or otherwise spent.

Many governments around the world have become increasingly 17 in their efforts to combat money laundering by passing anti-money-laundering regulations. These regulations require financial institutions to have systems in place to detect and report suspected money-laundering activities. Accordingly, law enforcement agencies of many jurisdictions have set up sophisticated systems in an effort to detect suspicious transactions or activities, and many have set up international cooperative arrangements to assist each other in these 18 .

However, the use of the Internet allows money launderers to easily 19 detection. The rise of online banking institutions, anonymous online payment services, peer-to-peer transfers using mobile phones, and the use of virtual currencies such as Bitcoin have made detecting the illegal transfer of money even more difficult. Money can also be laundered through online auctions and sales, gambling websites, and even virtual gaming sites, where ill-gotten money is converted into gaming currency, then transferred back into real, usable, and 20 'clean' money.

As money launderers attempt to keep one step ahead of law enforcement, international organizations and governments are continuing their team effort to find new ways to detect them.

依下文回答第 21 題至第 25 題

Culture is a word that everyone is familiar with, but its precise meaning can be elusive. A useful definition by noted social scientist Geert Hofstede is that culture consists of shared mental programs that condition individuals' responses to their environment. There are three levels involved in the mental programing: The deepest level--human nature--is based on common biological reactions, such as sex, drive, hunger and territoriality that all members of the human race have in common, even though they come from different cultures. The middle level--culture--is based on common experiences that we share with a particular group of our fellows. Cultural values, attitudes and assumptions about proper behavior give us something in common with a definable group of others, but not with all of them. The group may be a very large one, such

as a national population, i.e. Japanese culture; or a very small one, i.e. the culture of the committee of a local parent-teacher association. The shallowest level--personality--is based on the specific genetic makeup and personal experiences that make each of us a unique individual. For example, we may be sociable or introverted, aggressive or submissive, and emotional or stable. We all have many behaviors and understandings that are quite different from those of others, even though we come from the same culture.

Culture also has the following basic characteristics. First, culture is mental programming that a group has in common that is not normally available to people outside the group. Second, the mental programing of a group is learned by its members over long periods as they interact with the environment and with each other. Third, the mental programming involved is strong. People have a hard time escaping their culture even when they want to. Fourth, culture is not random as it is a system of values, attitudes, beliefs, and meanings that are related to each other and to the context. Last, much of culture is concealed . Besides immediate surface behaviors, such as body language, and physical artifacts like art, culture also involves the underlying values, social structures, and ways of thinking.

• 21 What is the main purpose of the passage?

To explain what culture means. 

To describe how culture may develop. 

To explicate what values culture may have. 

To discuss what  potential effects culture may exert.

• 22 Which of the following words is closest in meaning to 'concealed' in the passage?

private



invisible



mystical



• 23 According to the passage, which of the following may NOT be true?

• The middle level of mental  programing is specific to groups.

• The deepest level of mental programing is universal and biological. 

The shallowest level of mental programing is shared by all individuals of the same culture.



The surface features of individuals  ' behaviors are often manifestations of mental programing.

• 24 According to the passage, which of the following is correct about the features of culture?

Culture is largely manifest. 

Culture is learned and enduring. 

Culture exerts mild influence on behavior. 

Culture is a random a  ssortment of customs and behaviors.

• 25 According to the passage, why may it be insufficient to observe only social behaviors if one wants to fully understand cultures?

Because social behaviors are transient. 

• Because social behaviors are too versatile. 

• Beca  use social behaviors are not observable.

Because social behaviors only portray a small portion of cultures. 



confusing

代號：

14630

頁次： 2 － 1

108 年公務、關務人員升官等考試、 108 年交通 事業郵政、公路、港務人員升資考試試題

等

級：簡任

類科 （別） ：農業技術

科

目：試驗設計研究

考試時間：

2 小時

※注意：

 可以使用電子計算器。

•  不必抄題，作答時請將試題題號及答案依照順序寫在試卷上，於本試題上作答者，不予計分。

•  本科目除專門名詞或數理公式外，應使用本國文字作答。

• 一、欲比較 4 種玉米品種之產量，同時也想研究 4 種不同肥料與 4 種灌溉方 法對於此 4 種玉米品種產量之效應，請問需要準備多少小區來進行此種 試驗（假設在不同的肥料及灌溉方法全部的組合中，每種玉米品種被種 植在個別的小區上）？假設基於經費及資源的考量，想要避免過多的試 驗單位，應如何使用適當的試驗設計來達到目的？（ 20 分）

• 二、有糕餅業者想要比較 24 種米餅的品質，假設有 4 種不同的食物添加劑 與 3 種不同配方，並且由 2 位糕餅師傅（ X 與 Y ）分別製作。業者舉辦 一場品嘗大會來決定米餅的品質，評分為 1 至 100 分，其評分結果資料 如下（在每一種食品添加劑及配方的組合中，第一個值對應師傅 X ，第 二個值對應師傅 Y ） ：

請使用 0.05 的顯著水準來檢定，米餅的品質是否因為不同的配方、食品 添加劑或前兩個因素之交感效應（ interaction ）而有所差異。 （ 30 分）

（ F 2, 12, α = 0.05 = 3.89 ； F 3, 12, α = 0.05 = 3.49 ； F 6, 12, α = 0.05 = 3.00 ）

三、請敘述下列名詞之意涵： （每小題 10 分，共 20

•  統計檢定量對應之 P-value

•  檢定力函數（ power function ）

分）

座號：

四、相關係數（ r ）在研究上常被使用，請回答下列有關 r 的問題：

•  某個國家小學生的身高與體重之相關係數 （ r ） 為 0.80 ，是否可下結論， 身高高的學生會導致體重比較重，或者體重較重的學生會導致身高比 較高？（ 10 分）

•  下列 3 張圖，每一張圖的相關係數皆為 0.75 。請詳細解釋每一張圖所 代表之意義，並請問在那張圖的相關係數是有意義之測量？（ 20 分）

(A)

(B)

(C)

15

10

5

y

x

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

15

10

5

y

x

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

15

10

5

y

x

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

代號：

14640

頁次： 1 －

1

108 年公務、關務人員升官等考試、 108 年交通 事業郵政、公路、港務人員升資考試試題

等

級：簡任

類科 （別） ：農業技術

科

目：作物育種學研究

考試時間：

2 小時

※注意：

 禁止使用電子計算器。

•  不必抄題，作答時請將試題題號及答案依照順序寫在試卷上，於本試題上作答者，不予計分。

•  本科目除專門名詞或數理公式外，應使用本國文字作答。

• 一、組織培養的發展已近百年，請詳述四種作物育種的應用與目標，並舉例 說明。 （ 20 分）

• 二、面對氣候變遷，種原的蒐集與應用是目前重要的育種策略之一，找尋種 原基因以利於改良現有栽培種是首要的步驟，近年來，常以全基因體關 連性分析（ Genome wide Association Study, GWAS ）找到與基因連鎖的分 子標誌。請說明 GWAS 為何近幾年受到遺傳育種學家的青睞，其主要的 原理及其優缺點。 （ 25 分）

• 三、近一、二十年來，分子輔助選育所育成之品種，不需經「生物安全性評 估」即可命名推廣，受到種苗業者、公部門和學界青睞。尤其是產量、 成熟期、耐旱等遺傳性複雜的重要性狀之改良育種。請以上述的性狀， 舉例說明如何以分子標誌輔助育種方式來提升現有優良品種之改良，並 說明其優點和可能遭遇的瓶頸。 （ 30 分）

• 四、將遺傳工程或稱基因工程應用於作物育種，主要有基因改造（ Genetic Modified Organism, GMO ）和基因體編輯（ Genome Editing, GE ）或稱 基因編輯（ Gene Editing, GE ） ，請詳述這兩個技術之異同與優缺點。 （ 25 分）

座號：