108 年公務、關務人員升官等考試、 108 年交通 事業郵政、公路、港務人員升資考試試題

代號：

14610-19510

30210-30410

頁次：

1 － 1

等

級：簡任

類科 （別） ：技術類－公務、技術類－關務

科

目：策略規劃與問題解決

考試時間：

2 小時

※注意：

 禁止使用電子計算器。

•  不必抄題，作答時請將試題題號及答案依照順序寫在試卷上，於本試題上作答者，不予計分。

•  本科目除專門名詞或數理公式外，應使用本國文字作答。

• 一、試以青年低薪問題為例，說明政策分析家在進行問題診斷時，必須注意 的原則，以及前述原則在建構青年低薪問題的應用。 （ 25 分）

• 二、在策略規劃過程，政策分析家需要蒐集資料，以研擬目標，但由於資訊 科技快速進步，常遭遇到問題不在於「資料貧乏」 ，而是「資料氾濫」 或「資料充血」 。試說明前述問題的意涵，以及如何避免該問題的發生。 （ 25 分）

• 三、何謂政策議程設定？試舉我國一項政策議題為例，說明媒體對議程設定 的影響情形。 （ 25 分）

• 四、公共組織策略管理在當前變動快速的環境下，面臨了組織與外環境之間 密切關係、互動頻繁的各種挑戰，組織不僅要求變，更要在變動中堅持 自己長遠的奮鬥目標，才能使組織生存下去。請問前些挑戰為何？試申 論之。 （ 25 分）

座號：

108 年公務、關務人員升官等考試、 108 年交通 事業郵政、公路、港務人員升資考試試題

代號：

10120-19520

30120-30420

頁次：

4 － 1

等

級：簡任

類科 （別） ：各類科－公務、各類別－關務

科

目：中華民國憲法與英文

考試時間：

2 小時

※注意：禁止使用電子計算器。

甲、申論題部分：（

50 分）

•  不必抄題，作答時請將試題題號及答案依照順序寫在申論試卷上，於本試題上作答者，不予計分。

•  請以藍、黑色鋼筆或原子筆在申論試卷上作答。

•  本科目除專門名詞或數理公式外，應使用本國文字作答。

• 一、為保護兒童及少年權益，衛生福利部擬修正兒童及少年福利與權益保障 法，規定無業者在場看管之自動販賣機，因無法辨認或查驗消費者是否 已滿 18 歲，機內不得放置含酒精成分之食品、飲料，以及有害兒童及 少年身心健康之書籍與物品，供消費者夾取與購買。甲為經營選物販賣 機業者，主張其開業時並無此等禁令，現若果以此嗣後訂定之新法對其 機具中原有放置之內容物相繩，將違反法令不溯及既往之法治國原則， 顯屬違憲。試問：甲之主張有無理由？（ 25 分）

• 二、國家以設立股份有限公司之組織形式，提供人民信件傳遞之通訊服務， 或是商港港埠規劃、建設及經營管理業務，以提升彈性及效率。試問： 此等國營公司於業務範疇內對人民從事私法行為時，是否應受憲法平等 原則之拘束？（ 25 分）

• 乙、測驗題部分：（ 50 分）

代號： 2101

•  本測驗試題為單一選擇題，請選出一個正確或最適當的答案，複選作答者，該題不予計分。

•  共 25 題，每題 2 分，須用 2B 鉛筆在試卡上依題號清楚劃記，於本試題或申論試卷上作答者，不予計分。

• 1 To

• your level of competency in speaking a foreign language, you need to practice it every day. drop  violate  assign  maintain 

• 2 The body reacts to high levels of mercury, which have been linked to many such as muscle pain, hair loss, birth defects, and muscle fatigue.

species



spectrums



stereotypes



symptoms



• 3 Hundreds of monkeys are free throughout the campus, approaching people and expecting to be fed. escorting  roaming  swamping  tailgating 

• 4 Nowadays, those who possess better knowledge in technologies will have higher chance to be employed, because their ______ in the field will help companies to meet future needs.

• expertise 

 avoidance

surprise 

 disinterest

座號：

5 About ten years ago, Roger came across the of his life; he was bankrupted, divorced and was diagnosed with cancer.

nadir





依下文回答第 6 題至第 10 題

You may believe that you have forgotten the mother tongue you spoke as a child, but your brain hasn't. That 'forgotten' first language may well influence 6 goes on in your brain when you speak English or Japanese today. Researchers from McGill University and the Montreal Neurological Institute describe their discovery that even brief, early 7 to a language influences how the brain processes sounds from a second language later in life -- even when the first language learned is 8 spoken. It is an important finding because it tells scientists not only how the brain becomes wired for language, but also how that hardwiring can change and 9 over time in response to new language environments. The researchers believe that their findings speak to the unique and 10 influence of early language experience on later brain organization. The information may also be important for creating educational practices geared to different types of learners.

依下文回答第 11 題至第 15 題

Communication is of basic importance within science itself. I think we would all agree that free communication is essential for progress in science, 11 there have been problems at the frontier with technology because in the world of commerce you cannot reveal everything you are doing. These frontier problems have been 12 in recent times; in many fields, my own of molecular biology 13 , the old openness has to some extent disappeared. Some of my younger colleagues do not want to talk in public about their work, because they think that if they speak about their own 'secret,' somebody else will 14 it and make money out of it. Of course, this is only a partial view: science is also for the benefit of mankind. But the process of 15 knowledge from the academic world, with its tradition of openness, to the world of technology and commerce does present difficulties that have still not been resolved. In my view they are very serious problems.

novice



influence



peace

30120-30420

頁次：

4 － 3

依下文回答第 16 題至第 20 題

The concept of money laundering regulations goes back to ancient times and is intertwined with the development of money and banking. Money laundering is first seen with individuals hiding wealth from the government to avoid taxation or confiscation or a combination of both. Nowadays it has evolved into a complex and highly technical process of transforming profits from illegal activities into 16 'legitimate' assets without raising the suspicion of law enforcement agencies. After money has been suitably laundered or 'cleaned,' it can be used in the mainstream economy for accumulation of wealth, such as acquisitions of properties, or otherwise spent.

Many governments around the world have become increasingly 17 in their efforts to combat money laundering by passing anti-money-laundering regulations. These regulations require financial institutions to have systems in place to detect and report suspected money-laundering activities. Accordingly, law enforcement agencies of many jurisdictions have set up sophisticated systems in an effort to detect suspicious transactions or activities, and many have set up international cooperative arrangements to assist each other in these 18 .

However, the use of the Internet allows money launderers to easily 19 detection. The rise of online banking institutions, anonymous online payment services, peer-to-peer transfers using mobile phones, and the use of virtual currencies such as Bitcoin have made detecting the illegal transfer of money even more difficult. Money can also be laundered through online auctions and sales, gambling websites, and even virtual gaming sites, where ill-gotten money is converted into gaming currency, then transferred back into real, usable, and 20 'clean' money.

As money launderers attempt to keep one step ahead of law enforcement, international organizations and governments are continuing their team effort to find new ways to detect them.

依下文回答第 21 題至第 25 題

Culture is a word that everyone is familiar with, but its precise meaning can be elusive. A useful definition by noted social scientist Geert Hofstede is that culture consists of shared mental programs that condition individuals' responses to their environment. There are three levels involved in the mental programing: The deepest level--human nature--is based on common biological reactions, such as sex, drive, hunger and territoriality that all members of the human race have in common, even though they come from different cultures. The middle level--culture--is based on common experiences that we share with a particular group of our fellows. Cultural values, attitudes and assumptions about proper behavior give us something in common with a definable group of others, but not with all of them. The group may be a very large one, such

as a national population, i.e. Japanese culture; or a very small one, i.e. the culture of the committee of a local parent-teacher association. The shallowest level--personality--is based on the specific genetic makeup and personal experiences that make each of us a unique individual. For example, we may be sociable or introverted, aggressive or submissive, and emotional or stable. We all have many behaviors and understandings that are quite different from those of others, even though we come from the same culture.

Culture also has the following basic characteristics. First, culture is mental programming that a group has in common that is not normally available to people outside the group. Second, the mental programing of a group is learned by its members over long periods as they interact with the environment and with each other. Third, the mental programming involved is strong. People have a hard time escaping their culture even when they want to. Fourth, culture is not random as it is a system of values, attitudes, beliefs, and meanings that are related to each other and to the context. Last, much of culture is concealed . Besides immediate surface behaviors, such as body language, and physical artifacts like art, culture also involves the underlying values, social structures, and ways of thinking.

• 21 What is the main purpose of the passage?

To explain what culture means. 

To describe how culture may develop. 

To explicate what values culture may have. 

To discuss what  potential effects culture may exert.

• 22 Which of the following words is closest in meaning to 'concealed' in the passage?

private



invisible



mystical



• 23 According to the passage, which of the following may NOT be true?

• The middle level of mental  programing is specific to groups.

• The deepest level of mental programing is universal and biological. 

The shallowest level of mental programing is shared by all individuals of the same culture.



The surface features of individuals  ' behaviors are often manifestations of mental programing.

• 24 According to the passage, which of the following is correct about the features of culture?

Culture is largely manifest. 

Culture is learned and enduring. 

Culture exerts mild influence on behavior. 

Culture is a random a  ssortment of customs and behaviors.

• 25 According to the passage, why may it be insufficient to observe only social behaviors if one wants to fully understand cultures?

Because social behaviors are transient. 

• Because social behaviors are too versatile. 

• Beca  use social behaviors are not observable.

Because social behaviors only portray a small portion of cultures. 



confusing

代號：

16040

頁次： 1 －

1

108 年公務、關務人員升官等考試、 108 年交通 事業郵政、公路、港務人員升資考試試題

等

級：簡任

類科 （別） ：電力工程

科

目：電力系統研究

考試時間：

2 小時

※注意：

 可以使用電子計算器。

•  不必抄題，作答時請將試題題號及答案依照順序寫在試卷上，於本試題上作答者，不予計分。

•  本科目除專門名詞或數理公式外，應使用本國文字作答。

• 一、電源 A 經斷路器 B1 接到匯流排 ① ，再經斷路器 B2 接到輸電線 L1 ，再 經斷路器 B3 接到匯流排 ② ，再經斷路器 B4 接到輸電線 L2 ，再經斷路 器 B5 接到匯流排 ③ ，再經斷路器 B6 接到電源 B ，在輸電線 L1 發生接 地故障，以方向性電驛保護，請依照動作時間快、中、慢、完全不動作 說明 B3 、 B4 、 B5 、 B6 分別屬於那一種並說明為什麼？（ 20 分）

• 二、某電力系統發生故障前除了參考匯流排之外，所有匯流排電壓皆為 1 標 么，已知 Zbus 中 Z11 = j0.25 標么， Z12 = Z21 = j0.2 標么， Z13 = Z31 = j0.15 標么， Z22 = j0.2 標么， Z23 = Z32 = j0.15 標么， Z33 = j0.2 標么，於匯流排 2 發生三相直接接地故障，求： （每小題 10 分，共 20 分）

•  故障電流。

•  故障後匯流排 3 的電壓。

• 三、用牛頓－勞福森（ Newton-Raphson ）法解 G1(X1,X2) = X1 2 + X2 2 - 4 = 0 ， G2(X1,X2) = X1 + 2X2 = 0 ，初始值 X1 (0) = 2 ， X2 (0) =0 。 （每小題 10 分，共 20 分）

•  求最初賈可比（ Jacobian ）矩陣的數值。

•  求第 1 次疊代結束時 X1 與 X2 的數值。

• 四、某三相電力系統 Y 接三相電源，電壓分別為 Va = Vs ∠θ a (V) ， Vb = Vs ∠θ b(V) ， Vc = Vs ∠θ c(V) ，三相輸電線，阻抗分別為 Za ， Zb ， Zc 與三相Δ接負載，阻抗分別為 Zaa ， Zbb ， Zcc 。 （每小題 10 分，共 20 分）

•  請說明使整個電力系統為負相序三相平衡必須符合那些條件？

•  請畫出此三相電力系統 A 相的單相等效電路，並標示相對於電源，輸 電線與負載的電壓值與阻抗值。

• 五、有 4 部發電機組的發電廠之中，以（元╱ MWh ）為單位之燃料增量成本分別 為λ 1= 0.01Pg1+ 6 ，λ 2 = 0.009Pg2+ 8 ，λ 3 = 0.008Pg3+ 10 ，λ 4 = 0.006Pg4+ 12 ， 其中 Pg1 ， Pg2 ， Pg3 ， Pg4 分別為 4 部機組的發電量，假設各個機組輸出的 最高限制分別為 500 MW ， 500 MW ， 300 MW ， 500 MW ，與最低限制 分別為 50 MW ， 150 MW ， 50 MW ， 200 MW ，求總負載 1,000 MW 經濟 調度下之： （每小題 10 分，共 20 分）

•  燃料增量成本λ。

•  Pg3 。

座號：

代號：

16030

30430

頁次： 2 － 1

108 年公務、關務人員升官等考試、 108 年交通 事業郵政、公路、港務人員升資考試試題

等

級：簡任

類科 （別） ：電力工程、技術類（選試電機機械研究）－關務

科

目：電機機械研究

考試時間：

2 小時

座號：

※注意：

 可以使用電子計算器。

•  不必抄題，作答時請將試題題號及答案依照順序寫在試卷上，於本試題上作答者，不予計分。

•  本科目除專門名詞或數理公式外，應使用本國文字作答。

一、某一台單相變壓器的額定為 2400 ： 240 V 、 48 kVA ，開路試驗 （ open-circuit test ）及短路試驗（ short-circuit test ）的數據如下：

開路試驗：高壓側繞組開路，在低壓側量測電壓為 240 V ，電流為 4 A ，功 率為 200 W 。

短路試驗：低壓側繞組短路，在高壓側量測電壓為 48 V ，電流為 20 A ， 功率為 600 W 。

•  繪出等效至高壓側的 T 型等效電路圖，並標示參數的數值及單位。 （ 10 分）

•  繪出等效至低壓側的 T 型等效電路圖，並標示參數的數值及單位。 （ 10 分）

•  若負載為變壓器的額定電壓及電流，功率因數為 0.6 滯後，求出變壓 器的效率。 （ 5 分）

二、某一台三相、 Y 接、 220 V （線電壓） 、 60 Hz 、 6 極的感應電動機，試驗 數據如下：

無載試驗（ no-load test ） ：頻率為 60 Hz ，線電壓為 220 V ，線電流為 6 A ， 總實功率為 500 W 。

堵轉試驗（ blocked-rotor test ） ：頻率為 15 Hz ，線電壓為 26 V ，線電流為 18 A ，總實功率為 800 W 。

感應電動機等效至定子側的近似每相等效電路如下圖，圖中 s 為滑差 率，且假設鐵心損失集中於旋轉損失，已知電阻 R 1 = 0.25 Ω ， X 1 = X 2 ； 試求下圖中的電路參數 Xm 、 X 1 、 R 2 。 （ 25 分）

m

jX

1

ˆ

V

1

R

1

jX

2

jX

1

ˆ

I

2

R

s

• 三、某一台三相、 Y 接、 8 極、 60 Hz 的同步發電機，每相的直軸同步電抗 （ direct-axis synchronous reactance ） Xd = 2 Ω ，交軸同步電抗 （ quadrature-axis synchronous reactance ） Xq = 1.5 Ω ，忽略電樞電阻及鐵心損失。若發電機 端的線電壓為 380 V ，發電機的感應電勢線電壓為 520 V ，功率角（ power angle ）為 20 度。試求發電機輸出總實功率及總虛功率。 （ 25 分）

• 四、電感的結構示意如下圖，線圈的匝數 N 1 = 100 匝，鐵心的截面積 Ac 與氣 隙的截面積 Ag 相等， Ac = Ag = 3.18 cm 2 ，鐵心的磁路平均長度 35cm = c  ， 空氣的導磁係數 H/m 10 4 7 0 -× = π µ ，氣隙 g = 2 mm 。忽略線圈的漏磁及氣 隙邊緣效應，且鐵心為理想特性。下圖中，電源電壓 es ( t ) = 20 sin 1000 t V ， 線圈的導體等效電阻 Rs = 2 Ω 。試求線圈的電感、穩態電流時間函數 i s ( t ) 、 穩態的氣隙磁通密度有效值。 （ 25 分）

鐵心

氣隙

線圈

g

s

R

(

)

s

e

t

(

)

s

i

t

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