代號：

10110

頁次：

2 － 1

科

目：憲法與行政法

考試時間：

3 小時

※注意：

 禁止使用電子計算器。

•  不必抄題，作答時請將試題題號及答案依照順序寫在試卷上，於本試題上作答者，不予計分。

•  本科目除專門名詞外，應使用本國文字作答。

• 一、甲法律事務所律師乙受退役軍官丙委任，處理有關涉嫌國安機密資訊洩 漏事件之辯護工作。甲事務所內並存有乙與丙及其他關係人間洽談、通 訊往來之相關文書及電磁紀錄。 111 年 5 月 20 日，檢察官與法務部調查 局人員持搜索票，進入甲事務所執行搜索，並扣押乙與丙及其他關係人 之電子郵件資料與電腦。請參酌所附刑事訴訟法條文，依我國憲法法庭 判決意旨回答下列問題：

•  檢調得否扣押乙與丙及其他關係人之電子郵件資料？（ 25 分）

•  檢調得否進入甲事務所執行搜索？（ 25 分）

參考法條：

刑事訴訟法

第 122 條第 2 項

對於第三人之身體、物件、電磁紀錄及住宅或其他處所，以有相當理由可信為被告 或犯罪嫌疑人或應扣押之物或電磁紀錄存在時為限，得搜索之。

第 133 條第 1 項

可為證據或得沒收之物，得扣押之。

• 二、承上題，當檢調於執行搜索時，律師乙以口頭嘲諷語氣對檢調說： 「你們 好偉大，讓國家機器動得好厲害。」丙則在檢調欲執行扣押時，更以肢 體動作阻撓且吐痰於檢調臉上。檢調認為乙、丙之行為，構成刑法第 140 條之侮辱公務員罪及侮辱職務罪。請參酌所附刑法條文，依我國憲法法 庭判決，分別就侮辱公務員罪及侮辱職務罪部分，闡述大法官對該條文 合憲與否之審查意旨，並如何據以評價乙、丙之行為。 （ 50 分）

參考法條：

刑法

第 140 條

於公務員依法執行職務時，當場侮辱或對於其依法執行之職務公然侮辱者，處一年 以下有期徒刑、拘役或十萬元以下罰金。

114 年國防法務官考試試題

座號：

• 三、甲士官因執勤態度不佳，遭長官依陸海空軍懲罰法第 32 條規定，予以罰 勤三日之懲罰。請附理由回答下列問題：

•  罰勤三日之懲罰，其法律性質為何？依軍人權益事件處理法應如何提 起救濟？其主要立法理由之考量為何？又，甲對罰勤三日包括國定假 日，依陸海空軍懲罰法第 74 條規定，將不予補假，甲亦有所不服，於 執行前，依陸海空軍懲罰法，甲應如何提起救濟？（ 30 分）

•  甲經復審或申訴、再申訴程序，嗣後提起行政訴訟時，請考量懲罰是 否已執行，論述其訴訟類型為何？又，其訴之聲明應如何主張方能符 合訴訟要件？（ 30 分）

•  甲提起行政訴訟時，審判長若認其訴訟類型錯誤，其在訴訟指揮上， 應採取何種措施？其主要之立法考量為何？甲已有律師作為訴訟代 理人有無影響？審判長得否逕認訴訟類型錯誤，而駁回甲之起訴？ （ 40 分）

參考法條：

陸海空軍懲罰法

第 19 條第 1 項

軍人之懲罰依其身分，區分如下：……二、士官懲罰：撤職、降階、記過、申誡、 剝奪或減少退除給與、降級、罰薪、罰款、悔過、檢束及罰勤。……

第 32 條

罰勤，於例假、休假或放假日服行與部隊或公益有關之勤務；其期間為一日以上十 日以下，每日罰勤時間以六小時為限。 第 74 條

悔過、檢束、禁足及罰勤懲罰之執行期間，逢例假、休假或放假日者，不予補假。

代號：

10120

頁次：

2 － 1

114 年國防法務官考試試題

科

目：刑法與刑事訴訟法

考試時間：

3 小時

※注意：

 禁止使用電子計算器。

•  不必抄題，作答時請將試題題號及答案依照順序寫在試卷上，於本試題上作答者，不予計分。

• 

本科目除專門名詞外，應使用本國文字作答。

• 一、因毒品案遭通緝的甲四處逃亡，以打黑工維生。某日於郊外施工，搬移 道路上的人孔蓋卻忘記放置警示裝置。乙駕駛機車行經該地，由於沒有 任何警示裝置，乙直接撞上放置於路邊的人孔蓋，摔倒時頭部著地陷入 昏迷。甲聽到聲響從下水道爬上來察看，見昏迷的乙頭部受到嚴重外傷， 有即刻送醫救援的必要，但擔心自己會被警方逮捕，又見附近並無其他 人車，儘管也認識到該區人煙稀少，乙倒臥路邊很難會被發現，甚至有 被後車輾斃的可能，還是不做任何處理，僅將人孔蓋蓋回便逃離現場。 所幸不到 1 小時便有路人經過，將乙送醫撿回一命。刑法上應如何評價 甲的行為？（ 50 分）

• 二、甲誤以為乙出國旅遊，便攜帶螺絲起子撬開門鎖潛入乙宅，遍尋屋內僅 找到數張百元紙鈔和零錢，將搜括的少許財物放入背包正要離開現場 時，驚見乙開門入內，乙見屋內有竊賊，呆住不知如何反應，甲見狀便 取出螺絲起子逼迫乙交出貴重財物，不敢反抗的乙便打開保險箱交出珠 寶首飾，甲攜帶財物揚長而去。翌日，甲於網路上覓得買家丙，對丙謊 稱自己因週轉不靈亟需現金，丙其實看出該批珠寶為盜贓物，打算黑吃 黑，便約定見面交貨。銀貨兩訖後，甲始發現丙所交付的現金均屬偽鈔。 刑法上應如何評價上開事實？（ 50 分）

座號：

• 三、甲因沉溺於網路賭博而積欠大量債務，故心生歹念，籌組詐欺集團，並 招攬國中同學乙擔任其集團旗下之車手頭，乙再找尋友人丙擔任車手， 專門向詐欺被害人收取被詐欺之款項，並約定每提領新臺幣（下同） 10 萬元給予 1000 元之報酬。嗣某天甲之詐欺集團成員以投資詐騙方式詐欺 被害人丁，丁因陷於錯誤前往銀行欲提領 300 萬元時，為銀行行員發現 有異，報警前來處理，經員警戊詢問下發現丁係遭詐騙，遂指示丁假意 依約前往交付款項，丙則因取款時為現場埋伏之員警戊以現行犯逮捕而 未遂。試問下列問題：

•  丙遭逮捕時，因隨身包包內有偽造之公文書及工作證，員警戊是否得 將此等物品予以扣押，原因及法律依據為何？另經員警戊當場詢問丙 係如何前來此處，丙告知係自行開車前來，員警戊遂前往丙停放於 100 公尺處外之自用小客車上進行搜索，則員警戊對該自用小客車之搜索 是否合法？（ 25 分）

•  承上，倘員警戊發現丙之自用小客車內有現金 100 萬元，經詢問丙該 100 萬元之來源為何，丙告知為 1 小時前經集團指示向被害人己所收 取之款項，若丙不同意，該 100 萬元員警戊是否可以扣押，原因及法 律依據為何？（ 25 分）

•  員警戊因急於追查丙之上手，於當日日沒後之夜間 11 點，未詢問丙是 否同意即製作丙之警詢筆錄，丙於該次警詢筆錄承認其為詐欺集團車 手，確有向被害人收取詐欺款項，惟於偵查中隨即翻供，並表示製作 筆錄當時係因誤會配合警方即可趕快回家，則丙該次警詢筆錄是否有 證據能力？承上，丙於該次筆錄交代其上手為乙，乙因而遭查獲，乙 之辯護人於審判中爭執丙之警詢筆錄並無證據能力，是否於法有據？ （ 25 分）

•  承  ，檢察官偵查後認丙前往收取被害人丁之款項構成詐欺取財未遂 罪嫌及一般洗錢未遂罪嫌而依法提起公訴，嗣後被害人己報案稱丙前 亦有向其收取詐欺款項，則對於此部分事實，檢察官該如何處理較為 妥適？（ 25 分）

代號：

10130

頁次：

4 － 1

科

114 年國防法務官考試試題

目：國文（作文）與英文

考試時間：

2 小時

※注意：禁止使用電子計算器。

甲、作文部分：（

50 分）

 請以藍、黑色鋼筆或原子筆在申論試卷上由左至右橫式作答，於本試題上作答者，不予計分。

 不得於試卷上書寫姓名或座號。

世間任何的創造發明，莫不始於疑。牛頓思索著：為什麼蘋果往下掉， 而不往上飛？總結出「萬有引力」定律；愛因斯坦質疑牛頓力學在極端條 件下的普遍性，從而發展出「相對論」 。這些質疑並非無的放矢，而是基 於深入的觀察與邏輯推理。北宋理學家張載曾說： 「觀書者，釋己之疑， 明己之未達，每見每知所益，則學進矣。於不疑處有疑，方是進矣。」鼓 勵學子勇於質疑既有觀點，才能不斷求新求進。處於資訊爆炸、假新聞充 斥的時代，面對媒體報導、社交平台的訊息時，善用存疑的思維方式，能 幫助我們小心求證，進而辨識錯誤或偏見，避免受到不實訊息的影響。

請以「存疑與求真」為題，作文一篇，申論其旨，並以親身經歷或 見聞為例，抒發己見。 （ 50 分）

乙、測驗部分：（

50 分）

代號：

3101

 本試題為單一選擇題，請選出一個正確或最適當答案。

 共 40 題，每題 1.25 分，須用 2B 鉛筆在試卡上依題號清楚劃記，於本試題或申論試卷上作答者，不予計分。

• 1 There is no legal or term allowing the transfer of the case under existing law.

•  infection



provision



mortality

•  diversity

• 2 Automation has freed up financial resources, which have been towards high value-added sectors.

•  purchased

•  redeployed

•  prosecuted

•  repopulated

• 3 Unauthorized attempts to upload information or change information on this website are strictly .

•  punctured

•  perceived

•  patronized

•  prohibited

• 4 More Americans than ever are injuring themselves while their personal limits.



pushing

•  perusing



proposing



paying

• 5 Awide array of equipment was developed to address the needs of professionals in law and the security sector.

•  disappointment

•  abandonment

•  enforcement

•  replacement

• 6 First-aid instructions usually advise against moving any accident victim, because movement can an injury.

•  exaggerate

•  exasperate

•  exalt

•  exacerbate

• 7 The veterinarian asked Rosa to hold her cat firmly while he gave it an to protect it from rabies.



initiation

•  injury

•  inhuman

•  injection

• 8 We may argue whether character or plot is more important, but they are both to any novel.

•  intemperate

•  integral

•  illegal

•  immune

• 9 Any employee who wants to use would simply ignore a piece of spinach on the boss's front tooth.

•  discretion

•  discrimination

•  discountenance

•  discourse

• 10 To test a new painkiller, researchers gave it to one group of volunteers, while a second group got a , identical in appearance to the new medicine but with no built-in power to relieve pain.

•  placement

•  placebo

•  placenta

•  plasma

座號：

• 11 Farmers in this drought-prone area have implemented conservation measures that have drastically reduced water .

•  wastage

•  well-being



wasteland

•  wastrel

• 12 If adolescents could apply to their studies just a bit of the they feel for video games and shopping, their grades would skyrocket.

•  zephyr

•  zigzag

•  zeal

•  zillion

• 13 The military the challenges presented not only by traditional warfare but also by unmanned systems.

•  withdraws

•  flourishes



postpones

•  confronts

• 14 The council is the main forum for collective discussion of the government's for national security.  accessories  colleagues  detentions  objectives

• 15 The corporation promotes equal to justice by providing funding to independent non-profit legal aid programs.



access

•  menace

•  emotion

•  vendor

• 16 John was released on of $200,000 after being charged with driving under the influence of alcohol.



bail

•  husk

•  doom

•  raid

• 17 Physical

• and combat training standards will be raised for every active duty service member.  article  absence  fitness  fiction

• 18

• Taking part in risky activities also satisfies our about our abilities and how we handle challenges.  curiosity  currency  curtain  cursor

• 19 Whenever possible, it's best for everyone to use energy sources because they are environmentally friendly.

•  remedial



renewable

•  redundant

•  redolent

• 20 The person was placed on for five years and had to pay a $5,000 fine.

•  clearance

•  integrity

•  probation

•  applicant

請依下文回答第 21 題至第 25 題：

Animals possess sensory powers that humans lack. Homing pigeons fly with great speed and accuracy when 21 with messages to faraway places. How do pigeons 22 themselves in unfamiliar regions? This remains something of an 23 . The mystery, however, is partly explained by a pigeon's ability to see ultraviolet light, which reveals the sun's position even through clouds. In addition, pigeons can hear sound waves that have traveled hundreds of miles. These waves 24 a pigeon's sense of direction by indicating distant mountains and seas. Pigeons even appear to 25 changes in the earth's magnetic field.

• 21  dispatch

•  dispatched

•  to dispatch

 dispatching

• 22  orient

•  oriental

 oriented

 orienting

• 23  aroma

•  animosity

 entity

 enigma

• 24  enhancing

•  enhances

 enhance

•  enhanced

• 25  discern

•  condemn

•  assemble

•  funnel

請依下文回答第 26 題至第 30 題：

Leadership is not a solitary activity, nor is the focus on the leader; rather it is about how leaders treat the people they work with and how they make people feel about 26 and the work. To get things done through other people, leaders must demonstrate they 27 care about the people with whom they work. Great leaders are fully 28 to the success of their people and are willing to invest time and energy in them. They see potential and know how to bring out the best in them. They realize that only by bringing out the greatness in their team members can their team demonstrate high potential. They also 29 that their actions may have both intended and unintended consequences, so they carefully consider the culture that their actions will help shape. By creating a positive 30 that inspires team members, effective leaders influence them to contribute their best.

• 26  ourselves

•  themselves

 yourselves

 himself

• 27  afterwards

•  otherwise

 partially

 genuinely

• 28  committed

•  preserved

 approached

 restrained

• 29  interrupt

•  recognize

 discharge

 alleviate

• 30  failure

•  climate

 economy

 isolation

請依下文回答第 31 題至第 35 題：

Conflict resolution is a skill that benefits professionals across all types of career paths. It is the process of ending a dispute and reaching an agreement that satisfies all parties involved. Interpersonal conflict can occur in virtually any setting, from office jobs to in-field work. Understanding how to deal with interpersonal conflict, and reaching an understanding are valuable practices that boost well-being and productivity. Since conflict is an essential part of being human, effective conflict resolution is not designed to avoid disagreements. Instead, conflict resolution skills are used to facilitate discussions, increase understanding and control emotional responses. Before introducing more details about a number of different methods used in the practice of conflict resolution, some of the most common cognitive errors that lead to unproductive or unresolved conflict are discussed first:

• ˙ Overconfidence Overconfidence prevents one or more conflicting parties from seeing the other's perspective, which is an issue that workplace conflict resolution aims to resolve. While overconfidence in a personal disagreement may simply cause embarrassment, this cognitive error can be even more detrimental when dealing with legal issues, particularly when you are ill-prepared for the argument at hand.

• ˙ Escalation Escalation tactics can prolong a dispute for longer than necessary, thus making an agreement even more difficult to reach. In a personal dispute, escalation may involve one party raising the stakes of the argument, or bringing in additional issues that exist outside of the situation at hand.

• ˙ Avoidance Avoidance is the practice of circumventing conflict. Examples of avoidance may include bottling up emotions, changing the subject when an issue is brought up, or physically leaving the situation altogether.

• ˙ Blaming Blaming refers to the tactic of one or more parties ridding their responsibility for a disagreement, thus placing all the faults on the other party. When blaming is used during a conflict, it can be difficult to get both parties to agree on how they played a role in the situation. When one party looks down upon the other from an inaccurate moral high ground, a real resolution is virtually impossible.

• ˙ Emotional volatility and insults Finally, one of the most common and destructive cognitive errors found in conflict resolution is emotional volatility, often expressed through insults. When one or more parties resort to inflicting emotional (or even physical damage) on the other party, the chances of reaching a calm and reasonable agreement decrease drastically. Not only does emotional volatility make for a hostile discussion environment, but insults can also lead the other party to withdraw entirely.

• 31 What is the passage mainly about?

•  Effective methods to resolve political conflict.

•  Certain types of miscommunication in workplaces.

•  Key strategies for resolving crises.

•  Common errors contributing to unresolved conflict.

• 32 According to the passage, which of the following cognitive errors may arise when one party brings in additional issues not related to the immediate conflict?



Blaming.

•  Escalation.

•  Overconfidence.

•  Emotional volatility.

According to the passage, which of the following is more damaging when legal issues are involved?

•  Overconfidence.

•  Avoidance.

•  Escalation.

•  Blaming.

• 34 Which of the following is closest in meaning to the word 'perspective' in the first line of the second paragraph?

•  Qualification.

•  Premise.

•  Viewpoint.

• 35 Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage?

•  Examples of avoidance may include suppressing one's emotions or leaving the conflict situation physically.

•  Overconfidence creates a hostile discussion environment leading to insults and withdrawal.

•  Conflict resolution skills can only be applicable some of the specific workplaces.

•  Emotional volatility may contribute to the circumvention of conflict and embarrassment.

•  Dimension.

33

請依下文回答第 36 題至第 40 題：

'We think you would benefit from our work-study program.' He said to me. He wasn't my high school counselor, and I wasn't eighteen. He was the division manager, and he had just offered to pay my expenses for attending a local community college. At thirty-three, I was working for a large company in a dead-end job, dead-end because I wasn't qualified for any management positions. Naturally, I enrolled in college. More benefits than I expected were to follow. I had hardly started when the first response greeted me: my family was clearly proud. I heard my two kids in elementary school bragging about me to kids in the neighborhood. They even brought me some of their tough homework questions. My wife had lots of questions about college. We talked about taking a class together. Unlike me, she had been a good student in high school. Then I had no interest in going on to college. Now I did, and one thing led to another. A geography class connected me with a geology class. A political science class moved me to subscribe to the Los Angeles Times. I became more curious about a variety of subjects, and I felt more confident in dealing with ideas. At work, my supervisors started asking me to become more involved in ongoing projects and planning. By the time I had taken my second English class, I was writing reports with much more confidence and skill. Now, after receiving a good job review and being interviewed by my plant manager, I am in line for a promotion that I once thought was beyond my reach. I had expected a classroom. I found much more.

• 36 What was the narrator's primary motivation for enrolling in the work-study program?

•  His high school counselor strongly recommended it.

•  He felt stuck in his job due to a lack of qualifications.

•  His wife wanted them to take a class together.

•  He wanted to help his children with their homework.

• 37 Based on the passage, which of the following was an unexpected benefit of the narrator's education?

•  Receiving payment for his college expenses.

•  His family's positive reaction and newfound pride.

•  The opportunity to enroll in a local community college.

•  Being offered a management position immediately.

• 38 The narrator states that his job was a 'dead-end' primarily because .

•  he lacked the qualifications for advancement

•  the company was going out of business

•  he did not get along with his supervisors

•  the work was physically demanding and dangerous

• 39 What does the narrator imply about his attitude toward education in the past?

•  He was always a curious and dedicated student.

•  He was interested in college but could not afford it.

•  He had no interest in continuing his education after high school.

•  He believed that work experience was more valuable than a degree.

• 40 The final sentence, 'I had expected a classroom. I found much more,' suggests that the narrator .

•  was disappointed by the quality of his college classes

•  found the campus facilities to be more impressive than he had imagined

•  discovered that online courses were more effective than in-person classes

•  gained broader personal, intellectual, and professional benefits

代號：

10140

頁次：

2 － 1

114 年國防法務官考試試題

科

目：陸海空軍刑法與軍事審判法

考試時間：

3 小時

座號：

※注意：

 禁止使用電子計算器。

•  不必抄題，作答時請將試題題號及答案依照順序寫在試卷上，於本試題上作答者，不予計分。

•  本科目除專門名詞外，應使用本國文字作答。

• 一、甲為某旅士官長，某日在訓練場，為演練近敵攻擊，以手臂勒住一兵乙 之脖子約 1 分鐘，再持未開鋒之刺刀抵刺乙腰部、胸部，繼將刺刀朝乙 肋骨及胸部分別移動，致乙心生畏怖。在演練過程中，一兵丙因遲疑退 縮，遭甲以「白癡」 、 「笨蛋」 、 「智障」等語辱罵，並以左手臂勒住丙脖子、 右手持刺刀作勢要刺其臉部達 1 分鐘。請問甲之行為如何論處？（ 30 分）

• 二、軍人甲因其女友抱怨甲不常在身邊陪伴，明知其並未罹患「中度二尖瓣 及三尖瓣閉鎖不全」之疾病，為達提前退伍之目的，透過舅舅乙找任職 於某軍醫院的朋友丙軍醫，偽造甲罹患前開疾病之診斷證明書（蓋有某 軍醫院之關印） ，使甲順利辦理停役，請問甲、乙、丙成立何罪？又甲如 果希望提前退伍，持刀故意砍傷自己，後來經診斷，未達停役之標準， 甲是否成立犯罪？（ 35 分）

• 三、甲於國防部某軍事學校教材科任職期間（其職務為負責施政工作計畫之 編製、督導印刷教材、投影片製作、臨時交辦事項等，其中並無經管報 廢器材之職務） ，不知某軍用物品是否為學校報廢，未依相關規定報廢繳 銷（後經查明 A 軍用物品未達報廢情況， B 軍用物品可報廢） ，竟意圖 為自己不法之所有，在某軍事學校內之報廢庫房旁，將其所持有之仍具 軍事效用之軍用物品，以總價新臺幣 2 萬元之價格，出售予在某軍事學 校對面開設之「○○軍品社」 ，專門販賣一般軍需用品且知情之乙。不久 後甲退伍，前開情事經人告發始發覺。請問甲、乙之行為如何論斷？請 就甲為軍（士）官或士兵分別討論之。 （ 35 分）

• 四、現役軍人甲（階級為二兵）與民人乙（非具現役軍人身分） ，二人某日趁 戰時兵荒馬亂之際，涉犯共同強盜殺人罪。甲經軍事法院審理後，最終 判決有罪確定；而乙經普通法院審理後，則係最後判決無罪確定。請申 論下列問題：

•  甲、乙二人在同一犯罪事實，又在主要證據相同情形下，普通法院與 軍事法院判決分別對於犯罪事實認定歧異，致共同正犯甲、乙分別受有 罪、無罪判決之不同結果；請論述甲是否得據此情形提起救濟？ （ 25 分）

•  假設本案偵審過程中，甲數次未能通過測謊鑑定，使該不利於甲之測 謊證據成為甲有罪之憑信依據；迭經歷審，最終甲經判決死刑定讞並 執行之。請說明本案測謊鑑定在軍事審判法所採認之證據效力上，有 無疑義？（ 25 分）

•  承上，本案於甲執行死刑後之數日，赫然發見確實之新證據，甲之家 屬委請律師向原審軍事法院聲請再審；原審軍事法院裁定開始再審 後，更為審判；但由於甲已死亡，請問開庭時如何為審理之言詞辯論 程序？（ 25 分）

•  承上，在原審軍事法院為上揭更為審判後，甲經判決無罪平反，並另 案發現彼時於同營區服役之現役軍人丙士官，才是本件強盜殺人案之 真兇；惟丙服役期滿而早已退伍，請問對於發現丙之犯行應為如何適 法性處置？（ 25 分）

代號：

10150

頁次：

1 － 1

114 年國防法務官考試試題

科

目：民法與民事訴訟法 

考試時間：

2 小時

座號：

※注意：

 禁止使用電子計算器。

• 

• 不必抄題，作答時請將試題題號及答案依照順序寫在試卷上，於本試題上作答者，不予計分。

•  本科目除專門名詞外，應使用本國文字作答。

• 一、甲工作多年後終於存得第一桶金，決定購置人生第一間房，無買房經驗 之甲在購屋網站看到乙所有之 A 屋正在銷售，認為 A 屋之地理位置與 售價能夠符合他的需求，遂與乙約定時間前往賞屋。但因甲之預算有限， 故其與乙洽談的過程，全部的討論都集中在 A 屋的售價，最終雖以新臺 幣（下同） 1500 萬元的價格成交，惟該 A 屋實為海砂屋，且乙雖明知其 事，但乙為尋求 A 屋之順利銷售，心想： 「既然甲沒問，那我當然也無 需說。」故於洽談之過程就 A 屋為海砂屋一事均未說明。甲乙兩造履行 後，甲即著手 A 屋之裝潢，於裝潢期間因為 A 屋之混凝土剝落，甲始驚 覺 A 屋原來是海砂屋，且甲多次欲找乙協商此事該如何處理，乙卻一直 避不見面，甲實在氣不過，遂於社群媒體上以極度不雅的三字經辱罵乙。 試問當事人下列主張有無理由？

•  乙認為甲於社群媒體上用三字經辱罵自己，已侵害其權利，故請求甲 應於某全國性報紙的頭版刊登道歉啟事。 （ 25 分）

•  甲請求乙應返還價金 1500 萬元。 （ 50 分）

• 二、甲乙兩人共有 A 地，應有部分各二分之一，為使該 A 地能夠有效利用， 甲乙兩人簽訂分管契約，約定由甲使用左半邊之土地，乙使用右半邊之 土地，乙遂將該右半邊土地出租與丙作為停車場之用。多年之後，甲決 定旅居外國，故將其應有部分出賣並移轉與丁。試問：

•  乙是否得優先承買甲之應有部分？甲逕將其應有部分移轉與丁，乙得 主張何種權利？（ 35 分）

•  丁於取得該應有部分後，主張其就甲乙簽訂之分管契約不知且非可得 而知，且其依民法第 818 條得就共有物之全部為使用收益，故請求乙 與丙將該 A 地返還與自己，乙則主張丁既為甲受讓人，故其應受到該 分管契約拘束，孰人之主張為有理由？（ 40 分）

代號：

10160

頁次：

1 － 1

114 年國防法務官考試試題

科

目：民法與民事訴訟法 

考試時間：

2 小時

座號：

※注意：

 禁止使用電子計算器。

•  不必抄題，作答時請將試題題號及答案依照順序寫在試卷上，於本試題上作答者，不予計分。

•  本科目除專門名詞外，應使用本國文字作答。

• 一、甲公司列乙行政機關為被告，向臺灣臺北地方法院（下稱「臺北地院」 ） 起訴，求為判命乙機關給付新臺幣 1 億元予甲公司，陳稱： 「兩造簽訂有 『民間參與高速公路電子收費系統建置及營運』案契約（下稱「系爭契 約」 ） ，由乙機關基於法律之授權，將高速公路電子收費系統以 BOT 方式 特許委由甲公司出資籌建並經營。依系爭契約之約定，高速公路用路人 於便利超商等通路補繳通行費因此所產生之手續費，由用路人自行負 擔，詎乙機關違約要求伊負擔，伊迫於無奈，已代墊如聲明之金額，爰 依系爭契約所載『乙機關違約致甲公司受損害時，乙機關應予補償』之 條款，並依系爭契約所載『雙方同意以臺北地院為第一審管轄法院』之 條款，提起本件訴訟」等語（下稱「本訴訟」 ） 。試問：

•  設乙機關爭執臺北地院之審判權。如臺北地院認系爭契約具公法契約 之性質，得否將本訴訟移送至臺北高等行政法院？（ 45 分）

•  設臺北地院判命乙機關給付 1 億元予甲公司，乙機關提起上訴，亦經 第二審法院以其上訴無理由予以判決駁回。如乙機關從未爭執受訴法 院之審判權，得否以第二審法院之判決有審判權辨別不當之瑕疵，提 起第三審上訴？（ 30 分）

• 二、甲列乙、丙為被告，向法院起訴請求以變賣之方法裁判分割 A 地，陳稱： 「 A 地為伊與乙、丙所分別共有，就分割方法無法達成協議，復無因物 之使用不能分割或約定不分割之情事，又 A 地為全體共有人出租他人使 用，且無法以原物分配於各共有人，應採變賣方式分割，而以價金按原 應有部分比例分配予各共有人，爰依民法第 824 條規定提起本件訴訟」 等語（下稱「本訴訟」 ） 。試問：

•  如受訴法院認 A 地應以原物分配之方法分割，始為適當，得否駁回本 訴訟？（ 30 分）

•  設丙於本訴訟訴訟繫屬中、言詞辯論終結前死亡，且未委任訴訟代理人， 受訴法院未察，仍行言詞辯論並為本案實體判決，嗣發覺上情，遂依職 權裁定由丙之單獨繼承人丁承受訴訟，並將該判決送達予丁。如該判決 未據甲、乙、丁聲明不服而告確定，是否發生確定私權之效力？（ 45 分）