113年公務人員特種考試外交領事人員及外交行政人員考試、113年公務人員特種考試國際經濟商務人員考試、113年公務人員特種考試民航人員考試、113年公務人員特種考試原住民族考試外交領事人員英文組二類科歷屆試題,含國文(作文與測驗)、外交實務英文寫作(以英文命題及作答)、國際關係與近代外交史(以英文命題及作答)等 6 科。
共 6 份考卷|資料來源:依政府資料開放授權條款(OGDL)第 1 版利用,資料集:考選部歷屆試題(data.gov.tw dataset 170565),113 年。
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代號:
10110-11310
20110
30110-30610
113 年公務人員特種考試外交領事人員及外交行政人員、 國際經濟商務人員、民航人員及原住民族考試試題
考 試 別:外交人員、國際經濟商務人員、民航人員考試
等
別:三等考試
類科組別:各類科組
科
目:國文(作文與測驗)
考試時間:
2 小時
※注意:
禁止使用電子計算器。
分)甲、申論題部分:
作答時請將試題題號及答案依照順序寫在申論試卷上,並以藍、黑色鋼筆或原子筆由左至右 橫式作答,於本試題上作答者,不予計分。
不得於試卷上書寫姓名或座號。
2021 年東京奧運男子跳高決賽裡,義大利名將坦貝里與卡達選 手巴爾希姆纏鬥得難分難解。正當裁判提出他們需繼續「加時再跳」 之際,巴爾希姆向裁判詢問是否可以雙金牌完成賽事,而當下坦貝里 也表示同意,最終獲大會接納,於是兩人並列第一,平分金牌,這是 從 1912 年來奧運田徑場上唯一的共享金牌事例。
2024 年本屆巴黎奧運男子跳高決賽,紐西蘭的卡爾及美國麥伊 雲競爭至終,雙方都跳過 2 米 36 並列第 1 名,但兩人卻無意仿效上 屆作法共享金牌,而是決定「加時再跳」,繼續一較高下。最終卡爾 在「附加賽」裡的第三跳勝出,獲得冠軍獨享金牌。卡爾賽後表示:
「我尊重上屆東京奧運兩位冠軍的作法,但我一直認為,能夠有機會 在附加賽中分出勝負,為故事增添更多內容,會更加令人難忘。」獲 得銀牌的麥伊雲遭到批評他不識時務不會把握平分金牌機會,但他 透露:「這就是運動,最終我們都希望得到冠軍,而唯一最值得尊敬 的事就是比賽結束時只有一個冠軍。」
同樣的奧運體育競賽,不同的兩組人在最終爭奪冠軍勝負時卻 有不同的作法。到底是努力拼搏奮戰到最後,定要分出高下,讓真正 贏家獨享最高冠軍榮耀,才是充分發揮體育精神;還是在激烈奧運競 賽裡,當雙方競爭到身心俱疲仍難分高下時,選擇握手言和同享金 牌,較具運動家精神?請說出你對上述兩種競賽方式的看法及自己 更偏好那一方的原因。(文長不過 400 字)
座號:
分)
一位老法官敘述自己年輕初任律師時,充滿熱血,決心要為客戶 求取絕對勝訴。他在擔任一個婦女離婚案件律師時,為了努力爭取母 親對未成年兒女的監護權,要求兩位孩子出庭作證,說明父親的平日 在家庭的缺失與不適任。女兒與父親感情較深,作證回答問題時時間 拉長並猶豫不決,透露內心糾結不捨,在最後被問選擇父親或母親 時,她淚如雨下無法作答。最後女方勝訴,判准離婚,獲得兩個孩子 監護權。但老法官說:「當時這件案子我是大獲全勝,但每每回想起 小女兒在法庭上那種徬徨、猶疑及不安的畫面,而我卻不斷地有意無 意的攻擊、撕裂他們父女間的情感,只為了要確保贏得這場訴訟。在 小女兒落下眼淚的那一刻,其實,我就知道我已經輸了。」
凡人一生莫不致力追求勝利、成功,我們常欽羨別人是事事成功 的「人生勝利組」,也每每懊喪自己屢遭挫折失敗。在追求勝敗之間 的艱辛拉扯,輸贏兩方相互的攻擊爭鬥,在得到結果後的心境複雜難 言,都讓人不免懷疑世間的勝利與失敗究竟該如何定義。擊敗對手就 算是勝利嗎?人生有絕對的勝利嗎?要如何才能達到蘇軾說的「勝 固欣然,敗亦可喜」那樣的境界?請以「人生的勝敗」為題寫作, 加以論述,文中必須回答上文所提問的三個問題。
本試題為單一選擇題,請選出一個正確或最適當答案。
共 10 題,每題 2 分,須用 2B 鉛筆在試卡上依題號清楚劃記,於本試題或申論試卷上作答者,不予計分。
「文化遺民到底是一個多大的概念?晚清開始崩壞的帝國秩序與生命倫理,士人面 對傳統價值的變革,時間劇烈的轉換,以及地域的割裂,清朝正統未亡,他們開始 有了遺民感覺;新文化運動還未揭幕,他們卻有了文化焦慮。」
根據上文,晚清遺民心態形成的關鍵是:
列強不斷侵逼所產生的民生困境
倫理價值與文化認同受衝擊變化
各地軍閥不受帝國指揮逐漸坐大
士人尊崇的地位正不斷遭遇挑戰
國立故宮博物院近日展出陝西省新出土的漢代壁畫
王教授的父親依然繼續健在,身體硬朗,日行萬步
我跟大家來介紹一下,這位是剛從日本學成然後歸來的李老師
鳳凰颱風即將登陸,請里民做好防颱措施的動作,以降低損失
代號: 1101
頁次:
4 - 2
代號:
10110-11310
20110
30110-30610
頁次: 4 - 3
下列選項,何者最接近作者轉變後的心境?
城巿的邊陲地帶不一定是舊城區
老區的變動飽含了各種歲月痕跡
以文字記錄正在走向消逝的城巿記憶
歷史風景參差錯落充滿各種抵抗姿態
「誰也沒辦法把富人逐出道德生活之外。今日的社會繁榮複雜,道德的『物質成本』 甚高,許多善行,與其靠某人終生苦行,不如靠另一個人捐設的基金會。教師安貧 樂道,誨人不倦;富人設立獎學金,替他的得意弟子交學費,使之免於失學,兩者 相得益彰。武訓行乞興學,千古一人,如果他能得到石油大亨洛克斐勒的協助,或 者自己就是洛克斐勒,豈不更佳?」
下列選項,最符合文意的是:
富人對興學漠不關心
財力足必能推己及人
不義之財是必要之惡
金錢能提升行善效率
「額葉占人類大腦總體積的 40% 以上。額葉是我們產生洞察力、判斷力、抽象思考、 以及計畫的區塊,黑猩猩的額葉大小和人類相差無幾,但大約也只占其總腦容量的 17% ,狗的額葉只占 7% 。猴子跟黑猩猩的小腦就大很多,而小腦是負責肢體協調的 區域。海豚的聽覺皮層比人類更先進,聽覺範圍至少是人類的 7 倍。狗的大腦擁有 十億個嗅覺細胞,人類只有少少的一千兩百萬個。」
根據上文,下列敘述何者最符合文意?
天生我材必有用,鼓勵適性發展,海豚不要跟猴子比爬樹
人的抽象思維力強於黑猩猩,額葉所占比例相差 20% 以上
為了容易覓食與防禦力,狗的祖先在額葉中鍛鍊超強嗅覺
小猴子額葉大,故洞察力比狗大,但聽力比海豚弱了 7 倍
「有些道路筆直無阻礙,我們可以走得輕鬆;有些道路蜿蜒如迷宮,我們常常迷失在 其中;有些道路泥濘難行,延遲前行的進度。縱然如此,我們還是得前進。迷失方 向怎麼辦?別心慌,低頭看看你手上的地圖,也許轉個彎,越過小丘就回到正確的 路上。」
本文意旨與下列選項最相近的是:
心有靈犀一點通
終日看山不厭山
八千里路雲和月
柳暗花明又一村
代號:
10110-11310
20110
30110-30610
頁次:
4 - 4
下列選項,何者最符合文中的敘述?
瑞士人生活步調悠閒,樂於從事各種娛樂活動
瑞士人突破位居內陸的困境,勇於開發娛樂業
瑞士的美景使遊客著迷,故積極參與各種運動
瑞士的滑雪運動頗為刺激,更能彰顯勇敢精神
「閱讀原著、原典,一如面對一個原創的世界。藉由閱讀的過程,我們親身與作者的 內在心靈直接對話,以自己的能力形塑個人的觀點。後代不同註解者的觀點,提供 我們在閱讀上不同的理解路徑,那是不同面向思辨的材料,當然可作為參考,但不 一定得接受或認同。在閱讀中體驗自己有什麼感受,覺察怎麼思考更為重要。」 根據上文,下列選項何者最貼近本文之意?
懂得閱讀的人,才能品味創意的人生
能自己思考與感受,才是真正會閱讀
先有感同身受,才有令人驚艷的觀點
接納不同的想法,才能達到深度思辨
「一個企業生命週期始於創始人,開始擁有首批新創團隊,隨業務擴張開始招募新 人、組織擴編、進入穩定成熟期,當組織規模增加,每個人將被賦予更多的『企業 部門規則』 與 『精緻分工責任』 。我們發現愈來愈多的職缺無法透過文字清楚的描述, 除了校園內跨科系整合團隊愈來愈多元外,更多社會技能的培養來自學校以外。既 然標準化的工作愈來愈少,責任又怎麼被具體釐清呢?……精緻個人化分工勢必終 將被機器取代,跨部門深層溝通、協同合作才能創造新的價值。我們期許能創造永 續經營的企業與團隊,慢慢將責任切割到各團隊、甚至個人,殊不知其實當大家都 不願意承擔風險,才是企業真正的風險。」
有關本文的說明,下列何者正確?
工作責任難以釐清,是組織發展的必然常態
精緻分工是否交由機器完成,決定企業成敗
標準化的工作愈來愈少,反映組織穩定成熟
企業真正的風險,來自於職缺內容難以定義
「 『弱人工智慧』指的是專注且只能解決特定領域問題的人工智慧, 『強人工智慧』指 的是能夠勝任人類所有工作的人工智慧,我們可依不同需求,發展不同層次的人工 智慧。假設電腦程式透過不斷發展,可以比世界上最聰明、最有天賦的人還要聰明, 那麼由此產生的人工智慧系統,就可以被稱為『超人工智慧』 。如果說,對『強人工 智慧』 ,我們還存在著從技術角度進行探討的可能性,那麼對『超人工智慧』 ,今天 的人類只能從科幻的角度加以分析了。」
根據上文,下列選項何者錯誤?
「人工智慧」可能建構出不同的就業環境
目前人類對「超人工智慧」所知非常有限
戰勝世界棋王的電腦程式屬於「弱人工智慧」
強人工智慧需經過弱人工智慧階段發展才能完成
下載:題目
官方不公布申論答案
代號:
11340
頁次:
1
-
1
113 年公務人員特種考試外交領事人員及外交行政人員、 國際經濟商務人員、民航人員及原住民族考試試題
考 試 別:外交人員考試
等
別:三等考試
類科組別:外交領事人員類科英文組二
科
目:外交實務英文寫作(以英文命題及作答)
考試時間:
2 小時
座號:
※注意:
禁止使用電子計算器。
請以英文作答,不必抄題,作答時請將試題題號及答案依照順序寫在試卷上,於本試題上作 答者,不予計分。
一、 The seemingly prevalent rise of far-right parties in Europe has raised concerns about its potentially multifaceted impacts on the diplomatic efforts of Taiwan (R.O.C.). Draft an official response to these possible impacts. ( 25% )
二、 In recent years, the German magazine Compact has frequently featured inflammatory rhetoric and extremism, such as 'Asylbombe' (asylum bomb) and 'Impf-Diktatur' (vaccine dictatorship). A couple of months ago, German Interior Minister Nancy Faeser, citing threats to constitutional order and social stability, banned this magazine and raided the magazine's offices and the editor's home in various states. This action has ignited a debate within German society regarding media freedom. Draft an official commentary on this piece of news. ( 25% )
三、 Draft an official commentary from the political, ethical, and moral considerations in an educational setting on the controversy surrounding free speech that has arisen from U.S. students' protests against Israel's actions in the Israel-Hamas conflict. ( 25% )
四、 Draft an official commentary both on the United States' 2001 withdrawal from the Kyoto Protocol and on its 2017 withdrawal from and 2021 re-entry into the Paris Agreement. ( 25% )
113 年公務人員特種考試外交領事人員及外交行政人員、 國際經濟商務人員、民航人員及原住民族考試試題
考 試 別:外交人員考試
等
別:三等考試
類科組別:外交領事人員類科英文組二
科
目:國際關係與近代外交史(以英文命題及作答)
考試時間:
2 小時
座號:
※注意:禁止使用電子計算器。
代號:
11330
頁次:
3 - 1
甲、申論題部分:(
75 分)
請以英文作答,不必抄題,作答時請將試題題號及答案依照順序寫在申論試卷上,於本試題上作 答者,不予計分。
請以藍、黑色鋼筆或原子筆在申論試卷上作答。
一、 Please describe the current main institutions under the European Union and their functions; and analyze the results of the European Parliament election in June 2024 and its impact on European integration. (20 points)
二、 Please explain the balance of power theory and use such theory to explain how Ukraine attempted to counter Russia's intervention through internal and external balancing before the outbreak of the 2022 Russia-Ukraine war. (20 points)
三、 What was the background of the Sino-Russian treaty of 1896? What was the primary motivation of the Qing Court? Was the treaty in the interest of China at that time? (17 points)
四、 Please employ the three-level analysis of international relations theory to compare the similarities and differences of German and Italian unification in the 19 th century. (18 points)
乙、測驗題部分:(
25 分)
代號: 3113
本試題為單一選擇題,請選出一個正確或最適當答案。
共 20 題,每題 1.25 分,須用 2B 鉛筆在試卡上依題號清楚劃記,於本試題或申論試卷上作答者,不予計分。
1 Which of the following is NOT included in the US 'One China Policy'?
Taiwan Relations Act.
Six Assurances.
UN Resolution 2758.
US-PRC Joint Communique (1972).
2 Which country is NOT a member of CPTPP?
Australia.
South Korea.
Canada.
Malaysia.
3 Which of the following countries is NOT a member of the Shanghai Cooperation Organization?
Uzbekistan.
Belarus.
Mongolia.
India.
4 Which of the following countries is a member of both BRICS and the G20?
Egypt.
Argentina.
Indonesia.
Brazil.
5 In the year 2024, which of the following has NOT had a national-level election by July?
Canada.
France.
India.
United Kingdom.
6 Taiwan participates in the Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation (APEC) with a full membership, which of the following statement is correct?
Taiwan participates as a 'member economy,' while all the others participate as 'sovereign countries.'
Russia's invasion of Ukraine has led to its withdrawal from APEC.
APEC NO longer promotes intra-regional free trade due to the decline of globalization and the rise of protectionism.
Peru is the host of APEC in 2024, and the main theme of the year is: 'Empower, include, and grow.'
7 High-level reciprocal visits have significant political symbolism. Which of the following US presidents did NOT visit China in his presidency?
Richard Nixon.
Jimmy Carter.
Ronald Reagan.
Donald Trump.
8 As the U.S.-China trade war has led to the reorganization of the global supply chain, Taiwanese companies have reorganized their supply chain and production lines at the request of their customers. Which of the following is NOT a major overseas investment and production country for Taiwanese companies?
Mexico.
India.
Bangladesh.
Vietnam.
9 Which of the following is a member of both the Comprehensive and Progressive Trans-Pacific Partnership (CPTPP) and the Indo-Pacific Economic Framework for Prosperity (IPEF)?
Vietnam.
India.
The Philippines.
Republic of Korea.
10 In the practice of international relations, the so-called 'middle power diplomacy' has been proposed, but not all countries are willing to consider themselves 'middle powers' and thus promote a middle power foreign policy. Which of the following countries does NOT want itself to be treated as a 'middle power'?
Canada.
Japan.
Indonesia.
Mexico.
11 Which of the following statement about the Berlin Conference of 1884 is correct?
Dealing with the partition of Africa.
Dealing with the partition of the Balkan Peninsula.
Dealing with the partition of South America.
Dealing with the partition of Asia.
12 In Germany's Schlieffen Plan before World War I, which countries were German's initial combat targets?
Austria and Denmark.
Poland and Russia.
Denmark and France.
France and Russia.
13 Regarding the disputants in the Fashoda Incident (1898), which of the following is correct?
Britain and Germany.
Britain and France.
Britain and Belgium.
Britain and Italy.
14 Which of the following was NOT a major event that led to Britain's decision to abandon its 'Splendid Isolation' policy in the early 20th century?
The establishment of new Napoleon Dynasty in 1815.
Japan's return of Liaodong Peninsula to China under Russia, Germany and France's pressure.
The Triple Alliance among Germany, Austria-Hungary, and Italy.
The Franco-Russian Alliance.
15 After the outbreak of American Independence War, which state was the first to recognize the United States as a sovereign state?
Russia.
Prussia.
Austria.
France.
16 Which International Military Tribunal was established in Europe after World War II to charge Nazi officials?
The Nuremberg Trial.
The Edinburgh Trial.
The Habsburg Trial.
The Heidelberg Trial.
17 Regarding the Crimean War from 1853 to 1856, which of the following statement is incorrect?
The Crimean War is also known as the 'War among Monks.'
The primary countries participated in the Crimean War were Great Britain, France, Russia, Ottoman Empire, and Kingdom of Sardinia.
France and Austria cooperated closely after the Crimean War and established military alliance.
The Paris Peace Treaty was signed after the Crimean War, and Russia lost its control over the Balkan Peninsula.
18 Prussia promoted the establishment of the 'Zollverein' (Customs Union) after the Congress of Vienna in 1815. Which of the following statement regarding its impacts is incorrect?
Prussia attempted to counter-weigh the economic pressure from Great Britain and France.
Prussia attempted to connect those lands it gained after the Congress of Vienna.
Prussia attempted to build the common memory of its people.
Prussia attempted to strengthen its cohesion.
19 Regarding the reasons of the ending of the Cold War, which of the following statement is incorrect?
Soviet leader Mikhail Gorbachev was strongly resented by the West countries due to his refusal to undertake reform.
Soviet economy nearly collapsed because of the arms race and war of military intervention against Afghanistan.
Unification of Germany accelerated the pace of the end of the Cold War.
The declaration of independence of the three Baltic states from Soviet Union gave the first shot leading to the ending of the Cold War.
20 Which of the following statement regarding the 'Berlin issue' after World War II is incorrect?
The United States, Britain, and the Soviet Union had already planned the occupation of Germany before the end of the war, in order to prevent the resurgence of Nazism or militarism.
In 1970, the ambassadors of the United States, Britain, and France to West Germany, along with the Soviet ambassador to East Germany, held their first meeting in Berlin to discuss how to resolve the 'Berlin issue.'
The East German government demanded legal recognition from Western powers, while the West German government believed that the Soviet Union should at least accept the existing relationships between West Germany and West Berlin in various aspects such as economy, judiciary, and currency.
When Communist China began to undertake diplomatic engagement with the United States, the Soviet Union angered and temporarily suspended negotiations on the 'Berlin issue.'
113 年公務人員特種考試外交領事人員及外交行政人員、 國際經濟商務人員、民航人員及原住民族考試試題
考 試 別:外交人員考試
等
別:三等考試
類科組別:外交領事人員類科各組
科
目:綜合法政知識(包括中華民國憲法、兩岸關係、比較政府與政治)
考試時間:
1 小時
座號:
※注意:
本試題為單一選擇題,請選出一個正確或最適當答案。
本科目共 50 題,每題 2 分,須用 2B 鉛筆在試卡上依題號清楚劃記,於本試題上作答者,不予計分。
禁止使用電子計算器。
1 關於我國憲法之權力分立原則,下列敘述何者正確?
總統不得發布任何替代或變更法律效力之命令,以免侵犯立法權
立法院不得制定僅適用單一或少數對象之特殊類型法律,以免侵犯行政權
行政院不得設置任何行政法院,以免侵犯司法權
法院不得掌理審判及強制執行以外之事項,以免侵犯行政權
2 關於政府採購得標廠商員工逾百者應進用一定比例原住民,未進用者令繳代金之規定,依司法院解釋 之意旨,下列敘述何者錯誤?
得標廠商於履約期間須進用一定比例之原住民,其營業自由因此受到限制
得標廠商未達進用原住民之標準者須繳納代金,其財產權因此受到限制
此規定於政府採購市場形成對於規模大小不同企業之差別待遇
得標廠商於履約期間所能提供者多屬短期或不具技術性之工作,此規定難以達到增進原住民長期就 業之目的,違背比例原則
3 依司法院釋字第 812 號解釋,民國 95 年 5 月 30 日修正公布並自同年 7 月 1 日施行之竊盜犯贓物犯保安處分 條例第 3 條第 1 項規定: 「 18 歲以上之竊盜犯、贓物犯,有犯罪之習慣者,得於刑之執行前,令入勞動 場所強制工作。」主要係侵害下列何項基本人權?
工作權
財產權
人身自由
4 表現自由為實施民主政治最重要之基本人權,下列何項不屬其保障範圍?
人民團體舉行集會抗議違反人權事件
半導體公司出版營業報告
5 依司法院釋字第 573 號解釋,下列敘述何者正確?
監督寺廟條例為訓政時期不具法律位階之規範形式,行憲後不得認為是現行有效規範人民權利義務 之法律
監督寺廟條例關於寺廟處分應經所屬教會同意之規定,限制寺廟之財產處分權,已逾越必要之程度 監督寺廟條例僅將由信眾募資成立之寺廟納入該條例規範,其以寺廟財產來源作為差別待遇之區分 標準,難謂符合實質平等之要求
監督寺廟條例關於變更寺廟不動產及法物應經主管機關許可之規定,就申請之程序及許可之要件, 均付諸闕如,已違反授權明確性原則
市政府出版政策白皮書
旅遊達人撰寫觀光手冊
一般行為自由
6 有關行政免職權是否侵害憲法第 18 條所保障之服公職權,下列敘述何者錯誤?
行政機關就所屬公務員有予以考績丁等免職之行政懲處權,違反憲法權力分立原則 考績免職權適合由行政機關行使並為第一次決定
由行政機關行使懲處權作成免職處分,並未牴觸憲法第 77 條規定司法院掌理公務員之懲戒
法律就公務員之任命及免職固得就其資格、程序、效果等為一般性之規定,但不得完全剝奪行政機 關之任命及免職權
7 依司法院釋字第 415 號解釋,有關所得稅法免稅額之規定,下列敘述何者正確?
免稅額屬租稅法律主義的範疇,應以法律明定之 免稅額為對納稅義務人之優惠,主管機關應主動尋求大法官解釋其內涵 為求國家稅收滿足,主管機關應限縮免稅額規定之解釋 為求租稅公平,免稅額之要件應屬憲法保留事項
8 依司法院大法官解釋,下列何者非屬憲法第 22 條所保障之非明文權利?
契約自由
被遺忘權
姓名權
性自主權
9 依司法院大法官解釋及憲法法庭裁判,下列何者為人民固有權利,毋須立法者先形成其權利內涵?
選舉權
訴訟權
講學自由
受國民教育之權
依憲法及大法官解釋,有關立法委員之地位與職權,下列敘述何者錯誤? 不得兼任官吏 兼任官吏以外其他職務,並無任何限制 不受彈劾 得兼任民營事業機構之董監事
10
11 有關總統職權,下列何者須經行政院院長之副署?
發布解散立法院之命令
發布任命監察院院長之命令
發布審計長之免職命令
公布法律
12 依司法院釋字第 742 號解釋,都市計畫通盤檢討之變更致都市計畫範圍內土地之使用受到限制,係影 響下列何種憲法權利?
平等權
財產權
工作權
13 依憲法增修條文規定,司法院大法官之人數為幾人?
9 人
11 人
15 人
一般人格權
17 人
14 依憲法法庭判決及司法院大法官解釋意旨,有關地方自治事項,下列敘述何者錯誤?
農田水利灌溉乃專屬地方政府執行之業務事項
對街頭藝人藝文活動之管制,屬地方自治事項
電子遊戲場業營業場所之規範,屬工商輔導及管理之事項,係直轄市、縣(市)之自治範圍
中央依據法律使地方分擔全民健康保險費之補助,尚未侵害地方自治團體財政自主權之核心領域
15 有關憲法訴訟法施行前之司法院大法官解釋效力,下列敘述何者錯誤?
拘束全國各機關
拘束全國人民
依人民聲請所為之解釋,對聲請人據以聲請之案件,具有效力
如宣告法規範違憲,該法規範自始失其效力
16 在美、中二國的兩岸政策上, 2021 年 10 月 12 日,時任美國國防部發言人柯比( John Kirby )曾經表示: 「美國長期遵循『一中政策』 ( One China Policy ) ,這和中共『一中原則』 ( One China Principle )不同。」 有關美國的「一中政策」 ,下列敘述何者錯誤?
1979 年的《建交公報》 ,美、中二國均同意: 「世界上只有一個中國,中華人民共和國是中國的唯一 合法政府」
美、中二國 1972 年的《上海公報》及 1979 年的《建交公報》均有提到: 「雙方都希望減少國際軍事衝 突的危險」 。因此, 2022 年 10 月 17 日,美國國務卿布林肯提到: 「美國一中政策不會改變,但其核心 是承諾和平解決分歧。」
為了避免臺海衝突,美國同意扮演兩岸調停人的角色
在「一中原則」下,北京宣稱對臺灣擁有主權,但在「一中政策」下,美方對臺灣主權不持立場
17 2022 年 8 月中共國台辦發表了第三份對臺政策「白皮書」 : 《臺灣問題與新時代中國統一事業》 ,顯示出 中共對臺政策的一些微妙變化。下列何者並非其中微妙變化之處?
第三份白皮書提出的一國兩制方案中,並未提及「臺灣可以有自己的軍隊」
第三份白皮書重新提出 1983 年鄧小平的一國兩制方案: 「要實現統一,就要有一個適當的方式,所 以我建議舉行兩黨平等會談,實行第三次合作,而不提中央和地方談判。」
第三份白皮書提出的一國兩制方案中,並未提及中國大陸「不派軍隊也不派行政人員駐臺」 第三份白皮書中,並未再提及「在一個中國的前提下,什麼問題都可以談」
18 北京雖然至今仍宣示希望能「和平統一」臺灣,但至今依然堅持不承諾放棄使用武力來解決臺灣問題。 北京曾經宣示幾個可能對臺灣使用武力的理由,下列何者並不是其中宣示過的理由?
臺灣無限期拖延統一的政治談判
臺灣有意義的參與聯合國相關國際組織
19 有關中共「外聯部」的敘述,下列何者錯誤?
該部與中共外交部的人事互不流通
臺灣內部出現動亂
外國勢力介入
全名是中國共產黨中央委員會對外聯絡部 與中共外交部相同,屬於「正部級」的位階
20 兩岸自 1990 年代以來,便一直有談判《兩岸軍事互信機制》的呼聲和提議,然而至今一直沒有進展。 下列何者是導致其無法進展的原因?
北京堅持兩岸軍事互信之建立上,須先預設「一個中國原則」政治框架前提,這難免會被臺灣人民 視為是北京的政治統戰
美國反對兩岸軍事互信機制的談判
北京認為軍事互信機制協議的談判,是屬於國家之間的談判,北京不認為臺灣是一個國家,因此始 終反對和臺灣進行軍事互信機制的談判
兩岸均認為軍事互信機制的用處不大,因此無意進行談判
21 習近平 2019 年 1 月 2 日在《告臺灣同胞書》 40 週年紀念會上,提出對臺五大政策(簡稱《習五點》 ) ,至 今仍然是中共目前對臺政策最重要的指導方針。下列何者不是《習五點》的內容?
習近平定義何謂「九二共識」 : 「 70 年來,我們秉持求同存異精神,推動兩岸雙方在一個中國的基礎 上達成兩岸同屬一個中國,共同努力謀求國家統一的九二共識」
探索「一國兩制臺灣方案」 ,豐富和平統一實踐
中國人不打中國人,……,我們不承諾放棄使用武力,保留採取一切必要措施的選項 接受「一中各表」的九二共識,來推動兩岸的和平統一
臺商對中國大陸投資占海外投資比率,在 2010 年曾飆升至 83.8% 的高點,到 2022 年則大幅下降、占 投資總額 34% ,到了 2023 年更降至 11.4% 、創 30 年新低
2022 年我國出口至中國大陸的貿易額, ECFA 相關貨品占了約 2,000 億元,占整體貿易額 5,000 億元的 大概 40% 左右,亦使北京以 ECFA 相關貨品的禁運來脅迫臺灣,可以對臺灣經濟構成重大傷害
2020 年對中、港、澳出口占臺灣出口比重 43.9% ,到了 2024 年 1 至 4 月比重下降到 30.7% ,這是過去 22 年來同季最低
2024 年 1 至 4 月臺灣對美國出口占總出口比重則上升到 22.3% ,對東協升至 20.2% ,分別是 24 年來以及 歷年同季的最高水準。主因自 2018 年後美中貿易戰開展以來,臺灣企業在美國客戶的督促下,一直 在實現生產地多元化,部分集中在中國大陸的產能,轉移到臺灣、美國、東南亞等地
23 臺灣面臨中共對臺複合性施壓,為了展現守護國家的決心,賴清德總統提出 「和平四大支柱行動方案」 , 下列何者不是其中的方案?
談判兩岸軍事互信機制與和平協議 強化國防和不對稱戰力,建立臺灣的嚇阻力量 深化與國際社會和民主國家的合作關係 強化經濟安全和供應鏈的韌性
24 2022 年 10 月中國共產黨召開第二十次全國代表大會(簡稱中共二十大) ,下列敘述何者錯誤?
二十大習近平的《政治報告》中,自 2002 年中共十六大之後,再次出現「不承諾放棄使用武力」來 處理臺灣問題。十七至十九屆《政治報告》均未提及「不承諾放棄使用武力」此語 7 位中共政治局常委全是「習近平派」 ,習近平權力一把抓
習近平在二十大上破例連任第三屆中共總書記,打破鄧小平時代以來只做兩屆 10 年的慣例
習近平在二十大上,延續慣例做了 5 年後二十一大的接班人安排,承諾不會爭取第四個任期
25 有關臺灣地區與大陸地區人民關係條例相關規定,下列敘述何者錯誤?
該條例關於大陸地區人民之規定,於大陸地區人民旅居國外者,不適用之
大陸委員會統籌處理有關大陸事務,為本條例之主管機關
該條例第 1 條第一句話是: 「國家統一前」
行政院得設立或指定機構,處理兩岸人民往來有關之事務
26 近年來與中共有明顯海上衝突的國家,是下列那兩個?
日本與菲律賓
菲律賓與馬來西亞 馬來西亞與泰國
最高主管單位是國務院僑務辦公室,簡稱「國僑辦」
中共各省、市、自治區都設有僑務工作相關辦公室
中共僑務工作為「國僑辦」所專屬,外交部並不負責
「國僑辦」在 2018 年併入中共中央統一戰線工作部
是中共總書記胡錦濤在 2013 年提出,協助外國進行基礎建設
全名是「絲綢之路經濟帶」與「 21 世紀海上絲綢之路」
搭配成立「亞洲基礎設施投資銀行」以提供外國貸款
義大利在 2023 年宣布退出
全名是海峽兩岸關係協會
是中共處理兩岸事務的單位,對口單位是我國的財團法人海峽交流基金會
為一民間機構,不受中共黨政機關所控制
現任會長是張志軍,為前任國台辦主任
永遠堅持自由民主的憲政體制
堅持中華民國與中華人民共和國互不隸屬
堅持中華民國臺灣的前途,必須遵循全體臺灣人民的意志
堅持臺灣主權獨立
印度
俄羅斯
瑞典
新加坡
32 關於冷戰時期同屬社會主義陣營的中共與前蘇聯之改革開放經驗,下列敘述何者正確?
中共的改革有其時序,先政後經,但仍維持共產黨一黨專政的地位
前蘇聯的改革是以一套長期的政策來建立市場經濟,以達宏觀經濟穩定
兩國的改革開放皆面臨因經濟與生產工具由國家轉移到私人手中所致的貪污
前蘇聯的改革模式為「漸進模式」 ,中共為「震盪療法」
33 印度人民黨( BJP )自 2014 年以來連續贏得三次國會下議院大選( 2014 、 2019 、 2024 年) ,莫迪 ( Narendra Mosi )也於 2024 年 6 月之後展開其第三任任期。關於印度政黨與民主政治,下列敘述何者錯誤? 印度人民黨成立於 1984 年,為一印度教民族主義政黨,以宗教信仰為其主要的政治動員基礎 印度人民黨本身開始受到全國性的注意,是在該黨關於應該如何處置那些在奧圖曼帝國侵略後於原 本印度教寺廟所在地興建的清真寺之相關言論
印度人民黨執政之後所帶來的重要意涵,為該黨試圖轉化印度獨立之初所建立的世俗性政治與法律 制度
印度人民黨已經和許多商業團體發展不錯的關係,它的意識型態重點為「印度性」 ,而非經濟孤立 主義
34 中共經濟快速發展並成為世界主要強權之一後,外界所關注的重要問題是中共是否會如現代化理論論 點一樣走向自由民主。關於中共改革開放以來的政治發展,下列敘述何者錯誤?
1989 年的天安門事件是中共建政之後所遭遇的統治正當性嚴重危機
1989 年之後中共權力結構的進一步鞏固,確認了「新威權主義」的復甦
中共在地方層級引進多黨競爭性選舉,被視為政治民主化的鼓勵性指標
中共威權統治下出色的經濟表現,是支持共產政權統治正當性的關鍵因素
35 伊朗於 2024 年 7 月選出新總統,由改革派的心臟外科醫生佩澤什基安( Massoud Pezeshkian )當選。關 於伊朗的政治制度與發展,下列敘述何者正確?
伊朗的現代化發展過程中,有三個截然不同但息息相關的時期:巴勒維王朝早期( 1921-1941 年)與 晚期( 1941-1979 年)以及伊斯蘭共和國( 1979 年迄今)
二次大戰之後,英國主導伊朗進行的大規模政治改革,包括廢除君主制、修改其憲法及改變社會行 為者之間的權力關係
巴勒維政府於 1963 年發動紅色革命,旨在對抗外國勢力對伊朗國內政治與經濟社會的干涉
1979 年宗教領袖何梅尼帶領的革命不僅廢除伊朗的君主制,更建立一個奉行世俗主義的現代國家
36 2024 年 6 月的南非大選結果標示著非洲民族議會( ANC )獨大的時代告終,對該國民主政治的運作帶 來一定的影響。關於南非的民主政治制度,下列敘述何者錯誤?
南非的憲法具最高權威,且規定總統享有任命權與決策權
為處理種族隔離制度的遺緒,南非於 1995 年成立「事實與調解委員會」落實轉型正義
南非總統由人民直選產生並組成政府,面臨不信任投票時必須解散國會
37 民意調查是了解並且預測選舉結果的重要手段,不過, 「全國性」的民意調查在美國總統大選當中, 可能不見得反映最後的選舉結果,其最主要的原因來自:
民意調查工具不準確,測不到真實民意
美國民眾的拒訪率太高,往往抽不到足夠的樣本來推估民意
間接選舉的制度設計,候選人在各州贏者全拿「選舉人團票」 ,選舉結果往往會由關鍵的幾個搖擺 州決定
美國政治人物往往拒絕承認民調結果,把「抵制民調」當成一種動員的工具,所以民調測不準
38 下列關於法國總統選舉制度及其效應的敘述何者錯誤?
該制為需要絕對多數的單一選舉,政黨支持具高度重要性
若無人在第一輪投票中獲絕對多數有效票則舉行第二輪投票
第一輪投票之所有候選人參與第二輪投票,獲絕對多數票者當選
第二輪的投票往往鼓勵意識型態相近的政黨組成選舉聯盟
39 關於法國總統大選與國會議員的選舉,下列何者錯誤?
國會議員與總統大選皆採用兩輪決選制。若第一輪沒有人贏得絕對多數,則取前兩名進入第二輪決選 在兩輪決選制的情形下,讓各黨缺乏在一開始就合作的動機,所以會使得小黨林立
在第二輪進行的時候,往往會有很多聯盟的出現,此時選民傾向於避免讓最不喜歡的那位候選人當 選,因此會有很多策略投票(棄保)的情形
兩輪決選制容易出現多黨聯盟,這個現象最有名的解釋理論來自杜瓦傑法則( Duverger's law )
40 英國在 2024 年進行大選,關於英國的憲政體制,下列何者錯誤?
國會選舉的時間是由首相決定的,但每一屆的任期最長不能超過 5 年
國會選舉制度是全部採取單一選區相對多數決制,此制度的特色是刻意扭曲選票和席次的比例性,
讓選票集中在大黨以盡量避免聯合內閣的出現
在大部分的時候,首相會選在民調最有利的時候解散國會,進行全面改選
國會分成上議院和下議院,上議院由貴族組成,權力和下議院一樣大
41 民粹主義是一種特別的政治現象。下列何者不屬於民粹主義式政治人物的特徵?
常常把人們分成菁英和一般人兩大類
反對多元主義,認為社會上的意見都可以收攏,不存在太多不同的意見
宣稱自己代表一般人,要打倒政治或者經濟上的優勢族群,認定這些優勢族群都對自己的群體不利 民粹式的政客通常都具有極右翼的意識型態,通常會非常排外
42 在議會內閣制的國家當中,通常反對黨會指派國會議員擔任特定議題領域的監督者,這些人也會是將 來取得執政權後的內閣成員,這個團隊稱為:
專業議員
監督委員會
影子內閣
後排議員
基本定義是指一個國家民主化之後,幾乎不再有倒退回威權政治的可能性
杭廷頓認為,當一個國家的政權完成至少兩次政黨輪替後,就可以稱得上民主鞏固
當人們都能夠接受民主的遊戲規則,沒有人挑戰民主的正當性,就可以稱得上民主鞏固
只要達成民主鞏固的要件,就不會再有民主倒退的可能性
拉美國家的人們在文化上比較傾向監督制衡,不喜歡讓總統掌握太多權力 拉美國家的政黨體系偏向多黨制,讓總統制的運行較困難 拉美國家受美國影響太深,常被美國惡意干預內政,所以總統制運作不好
拉美國家的國會太過強勢,讓行政權常常無法做事
45 歐洲「極右派」政黨近期不斷興起,他們最大的共通特色不包括那一項?
對歐盟抱持懷疑態度
反外來移民
對中國及俄國抱持友好態度 社會議題意識型態屬於極端的保守派
46 在國家發展的過程中,可能面臨成長到一定程度就上不去的「中度所得陷阱」難題,下列何者不是其 可能的原因?
投資不足,創新不足 工資上漲,利潤降低
受到國際政經結構的影響 針對弱勢群體的補助太多,社福預算太高
47 民主轉型從發起行為者來看,可以分成「由上而下」或者「由下而上」的兩種方向。由上而下式的民 主轉型(例如墨西哥與臺灣)所帶來的優缺點,下列何者錯誤?
寧靜革命,較能避免大規模衝突
充滿妥協,但也往往無法處理轉型正義的問題
舊政權下的菁英往往可以透過制定有利的規則來延續政治生命
族群衝突程度較高,政治手段往往成為迫害政敵的工具
48 非歐盟成員國欲申請加入歐盟,最重要的前提要件不包括:
必須要使用歐元
必須承認歐盟法律
必須具備民主自由的政治體制
必須是主權獨立的國家
49 很多威權國家也都和民主國家一樣具有選舉(例如俄國) 。下列何者不是這類選舉的特色?
選舉制度存在,但非公平競爭
執政黨往往會利用各種方式阻礙在野黨的選舉競爭,例如法律手段
選舉結果的不確定性很高,在野黨往往可以利用選舉來獲得政治權力
選舉常被獨裁者用來裝飾自己統治的正當性
50 最高法院(憲法法院)通常是一個國家在法律上的最高裁決者。關於美國最高法院的敘述,下列何者 錯誤?
大法官為終身職,目的是為了讓他們盡量公正、客觀、獨立審判
目前大法官的意識型態分布為自由派六席,保守派三席
川普總統任期內( 2017-2020 年)任命了三位大法官
大法官的任命案需要經過參議院的審核及同意
代號:
11360
頁次:
4
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1
113 年公務人員特種考試外交領事人員及外交行政人員、 國際經濟商務人員、民航人員及原住民族考試試題
考 試 別:外交人員考試
等
別:三等考試
類科組別:外交領事人員類科英文組二
科
目:國際公法(以英文命題及作答)
考試時間:
2 小時
※注意:禁止使用電子計算器。
75 分)
請以英文作答,不必抄題,作答時請將試題題號及答案依照順序寫在申論試卷上,於本試題上作答 者,不予計分。
請以藍、黑色鋼筆或原子筆在申論試卷上作答。
一、 According to the provisions of the 1982 United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea (UNCLOS), analyze the power and limitations to seize ships for piracy on the high seas based on the definition of piracy for UNCLOS contracting parties. ( 25 分)
二、 It has been about 30 years since the establishment of the World Trade Organization (WTO). The operation of the WTO Appellate Body under the dispute settlement mechanism is on the stage of shutdown. Some WTO members have proposed the "Multi-Party Interim Appeal Arbitration Arrangement (MPIA)" as a temporary alternative for the appellate procedure. Please analyze the main controversies caused by the WTO dispute settlement mechanism, and discuss the MPIA's goal and procedure. ( 25 分)
三、 'Jurisdiction' under international law is mainly exercised by states, and international disputes often arise over states' 'extraterritorial jurisdiction'. Please give some examples and explain the interests protected by 'extraterritorial jurisdiction' and their possible conflicts with international law. ( 25 分)
25 分)
本試題為單一選擇題,請選出一個正確或最適當答案。
共 20 題,每題 1.25 分,須用 2B 鉛筆在試卡上依題號清楚劃記,於本試題或申論試卷上作答者,不予計分。
1 Which of the following is NOT correct in terms of treaty interpretation, according to the Vienna Convention on the Law of Treaties?
Atreaty shall be interpreted in good faith.
Atreaty shall be interpreted in accordance with the special meaning to be given to the treaty's terms in their context and in the light of its object and purpose.
Atreaty's preamble and annexes are included in the context for interpretation purposes.
The context for the purpose of interpreting a treaty shall include any treaty-related agreement reached by all parties in conjunction with the treaty's conclusion.
代號: 6113
座號:
2 Under the Vienna Convention on the Law of Treaties (VCLT) of 1969, which of the following statements is NOT correct?
Under Article 26 of VCLT, every treaty in force is binding upon the parties to it and must be performed by them in good faith.
Under Article 27 of VCLT, when the domestic jurisdiction principle is applicable, a party to a treaty may invoke the provisions of its internal law as justification for its failure to perform a treaty.
Under Article 28 of VCLT, unless a different intention appears from the treaty or is otherwise established, its provisions do not bind a party in relation to any act or fact which took place or any situation which ceased to exist before the date of the entry into force of the treaty with respect to that party.
Under Article 29 of VCLT, unless a different intention appears from the treaty or is otherwise established, a treaty is binding upon each party in respect of its entire territory.
3 Which of the following statements concerning the subjects of international law is correct?
Inter-governmental organizations have become the most important subjects of international law.
All kinds of non-self-governing territories are not the subjects of international law.
Individuals are not subjects of international law in any case.
National Liberation Movements may be subjects of international law.
4 Which of the followings is NOT a regional human rights court already established under various regional human rights treaties?
European Court of Human Rights.
Inter-American Court of Human Rights.
African Court on Human and People's Rights. Asian Court of Human Rights.
5 According to Article 38(1) of the Statute of the International Court of Justice, judicial decisions are subsidiary means for the determination of rules of law. Which of the following statements is correct?
The decisions of the International Court of Justice have a universal binding force on all States.
The judicial decisions as provided under Article 38(1) of the Statute of the International Court of Justice refer to the decisions made by international dispute settlement mechanism.
The judicial decisions as provided under Article 38(1) of the Statute of the International Court of Justice also include those decisions made by the domestic courts.
The judicial decisions as provided under Article 38(1) of the Statute of the International Court of Justice refer to the decisions of the International Court of Justice.
6 Under the UN Convention on the Law of the Sea, the vessels enjoy different levels of navigation rights in various types of maritime zones. Which of the followings is correct?
The right of transit passage through territorial seas.
The right of archipelagic sea lanes passage through the exclusive economic zones of the archipelagic States.
The right of innocent passage through the contiguous zones.
The freedom of navigation through the exclusive economic zones.
7 According to Article 27 of the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea, 'the criminal jurisdiction of the coastal State should not be exercised on board a foreign ship passing through the territorial sea to arrest any person or to conduct any investigation in connection with any crime committed on board the ship during its passage.' Which of the following cases is NOT listed as one of the exceptions to the above provision?
In the case that the consequences of the crime extend to the coastal State.
In the case that the crime is of a kind to disturb the peace of the country or the good order of the territorial sea.
In the case that the domestic court of coastal State has issued an order to initiate the investigation or proceed the trial.
In the case that such measures are necessary for the suppression of illicit traffic in narcotic drugs or psychotropic substances.
8 According to the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea, which of the following statements regarding the regime of islands is NOT correct?
An island is a naturally formed area of land, surrounded by water, which is above water at low tide.
An island could have its exclusive economic zone.
Artificial islands do not possess the status of islands.
Rocks which cannot sustain human habitation or economic life of their own shall have no exclusive economic zone.
9 Which of the followings is NOT one of the basic principles may be applied by a State to exercise jurisdiction under international law?
The concurrent jurisdiction principle.
The protective principle.
The territorial principle.
The passive nationality principle.
10 According to the Draft Articles on Responsibility of States for Internationally Wrongful Acts, which of the followings is NOT considered a way to preclude the wrongfulness of conduct that would otherwise not be in conformity with the international obligations of the State concerned?
Self-defense.
The conduct of a person empowered to exercise elements of the governmental authority, if he or she contravenes instructions.
Necessity
Force majeure.
11 Article 1(c) of the Vienna Convention on Diplomatic Relations classifies the "members of the staff of the mission" into three categories. Which of the followings is NOT included?
The diplomatic staff.
The administrative and technical staff.
Private servant.
The service staff.
12 Which of the following international organizations adopts the weighted voting system for its meetings?
International Energy Agency.
International Monetary Fund.
United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization.
World Health Organization.
13 Which of the following principles is NOT prescribed, in Article 2 of the United Nations Charter, as those that shall be followed by the U.N. and its members in pursuit of the purposes stated in Article 1?
The Organization shall ensure that States which are not Members of the United Nations act in accordance with the Principles set in Article 2 of the Charter so far as may be necessary for the maintenance of international peace and security.
All Members shall settle their international disputes by peaceful means in such a manner that international peace and security, and justice, are not endangered.
All Members shall establish under its authority an international trusteeship system for the administration and supervision of such territories as may be placed thereunder by subsequent individual agreements.
All Members, in order to ensure to all of them the rights and benefits resulting from membership, shall fulfill in good faith the obligations assumed by them in accordance with the present Charter.
14 Which of the following is NOT one of the United Nations' principal organs, according to the United Nations Charter?
Trusteeship Council.
Secretariat.
International Court of Justice.
International Criminal Court.
15 Which of the following statements concerning the GATT 1947 and GATT 1994 is NOT correct?
The Most-Favored Nation Treatment is one of the most important principles in the GATT 1947 and GATT 1994.
The National Treatment is one of the most important principles in the GATT 1947 and GATT 1994.
The GATT 1947 and GATT 1994 stipulate general exceptions and security exceptions.
Neither the GATT 1947 nor GATT 1994 stipulates the settlement of disputes.
16 Which of the followings is NOT a mechanism of the third party settlement of international disputes?
WTOdispute settlement.
International Tribunal for the Law of the Sea.
Investor-State Dispute Settlement.
International Commission for Humanitarian Intervention.
17 Which of the following is an "internationalized or hybrid" criminal tribunal that applies to both domestic and international laws?
International Military Tribunal for the Far East (Tokyo Tribunal).
International Criminal Court.
International Criminal Tribunal for the former Yugoslavia.
Extraordinary Chambers in the Courts of Cambodia.
18 Which of the following statements concerning comparisons between the 'Treaty on the Non-Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons' and the 'Treaty on the Prohibition of Nuclear Weapons' is correct?
The majority of the parties to the former treaty are nuclear-weapon States, while the majority of the parties to the latter one are non-nuclear-weapon States.
The former treaty came into force in 1970, while the latter one has not yet entered into force.
Only nuclear-weapons States are bound by the former treaty, while all States are bound by the latter.
The former treaty does not explicitly ban nuclear weapons, while the latter one explicitly prohibits the use of nuclear weapons.
19 The Paris Agreement under the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change aims to limit the increase of global temperature to the extent no more than 2 degrees Celsius. Which year is approximately the base year for the said long-term temperature goal?
The year of 1750. The year of 1900.
The year of 1945. The year of 2000.
20 Which is NOT a regional mechanism for the protection of human rights?
African Court on Human and People's Rights.
Arab Court on Human and People's Rights.
European Court of Human Rights.
Inter-American Commission on Human Rights.
代號:
11350
頁次:
4
-
1
113 年公務人員特種考試外交領事人員及外交行政人員、 國際經濟商務人員、民航人員及原住民族考試試題
考 試 別:外交人員考試
等
別:三等考試
類科組別:外交領事人員類科英文組二
科
目:國際經濟(以英文命題及作答)
考試時間:
2 小時
※注意:禁止使用電子計算器。
甲、申論題部分:(
75 分)
請以英文作答,不必抄題,作答時請將試題題號及答案依照順序寫在申論試卷上,於本試題上作 答者,不予計分。
請以藍、黑色鋼筆或原子筆在申論試卷上作答。
一、 Taiwan is currently seeking to participate in the Comprehensive and Progressive Agreement for Trans-Pacific Partnership (CPTPP). The CPTPP is a model of free trade agreement with high quality and high standards. In addition to the liberalization in goods trade, the agreement also covers the liberalization in services trade.
Analyze diagrammatically the welfare impacts of participating in the CPTPP in terms of trade creation effect and trade diversion effect. (15 points)
Explain the modes of services trade and the types of barriers to services trade. (10 points)
二、 We often observe in trade data a phenomenon where a country simultaneously exports and imports automobiles. What is this phenomenon called? Please explain the causes of this phenomenon and analyze diagrammatically the impact of trade liberalization on the welfare of consumers and producers in that country. (25 points)
三、 What is the gold standard? In this system, without government intervention, how would adjustments naturally occur in the event of the balance of payments (BOP) deficit/surplus? (25 points)
座號:
25 分)
代號:
5113
本試題為單一選擇題,請選出一個正確或最適當答案。
共 20 題,每題 1.25 分,須用 2B 鉛筆在試卡上依題號清楚劃記,於本試題或申論試卷上作答者,不予計分。
1 The depreciation of a currency may cause an initial worsening of the balance of payments before it improves. This is called the _____.
J-curve effect
Marshall Lerner condition
exchange rate overshooting
price-specie flow mechanism
2 AJapanese bank buys U.S. government bonds, and this purchase _____.
increases U.S. net capital outflow and has no impact on Japanese net capital outflow
increases U.S. net capital outflow and increases Japanese net capital outflow
increases U.S. net capital outflow, but decreases Japanese net capital outflow
decreases U.S. net capital outflow, but increases Japanese net capital outflow
3 In order to determine how strong or weak a currency is, you should pay more attention to the _____.
real exchange rate
forward exchange rate
bilateral exchange rate
effective exchange rate
4 If covered interest parity holds, then _____.
firms should be able to identify opportunities for arbitrage in investments
the difference between two countries' interest rates should roughly equal the forward discount or premium between their currencies
international interest rates should be equal
forward rates should equal spot rates
5 If the dollar depreciates relative to the Swiss franc, then _____.
Swiss chocolate will become cheaper in the United States
American computers will become more expensive in Switzerland
Swiss chocolate will become more expensive in the United States
Swiss computers will become cheaper in the United States
6 The theory of purchasing power parity (PPP) suggests that if the price level of one country rises relative to that of the other country, its currency should _____.
depreciate in the long run
appreciate in the long run
depreciate in the short run
appreciate in the short run
7 One of the most important and most visible roles of the IMF is to _____.
investigate countries that are charged with being unfair traders
provide loans to countries that need capital to develop their economies
intercede by invitation when countries cannot pay their international debts
hold regular negotiations over tariff reductions
8 If a central bank makes a sterilized purchase of foreign assets, then the domestic currency will _____.
appreciate
depreciate
either appreciate, depreciate, or remain constant
not be affected
9 The WTO permits the creation of a regional trade agreement (RTA) _____.
only if the RTA is a partial trade agreement
when the RTA includes a most-favored nation clause
when the RTA leads to more trade creation than trade diversion
if all members of the RTA are also members of the WTO
10 The following table shows the production of wheat (bushels per hour) and cloth (yards per hour) for Country A and Country B.
In order for both countries to gain from trade, one bushel of wheat must trade for_____.
Country A
Country B
Wheat
12
6
Cloth
6
18
between 1/2 and 2 yards of cloth
between 6 and 18 yards of cloth
between 1/2 and 3 yards of cloth
between 1/3 and 3 yards of cloth
11 In the two-country model of international labor mobility, _____.
the long-run equilibrium global real wage is equal to the greater of the pre-migration wages in the two countries
the long-run equilibrium global real wage is equal to the lesser of the pre-migration wages in the two countries
the effect of migration is to cause real wages in the two countries to diverge
the effect of migration is to cause real wages in the two countries to converge
12 According to the Heckscher-Ohlin model, the source of comparative advantage is a country's _____.
technology
factor endowments
human capital
trade policy
13
If a good is imported into a small country like S from a large country like F, then the imposition of a tariff in Country S _____.
lowers the price of the good in S and raises it in F
raises the price of the good in S and lowers it in F
raises the price of the good in both countries
raises the price in Country S and does not affect its price in Country F
14 In the exporting country, an export subsidy in the short run will _____.
help consumers and raise the overall economic welfare of the exporting country
help consumers but lower economic welfare of the exporting country
hurt consumers and lower the overall economic welfare of the exporting country
hurt consumers but raise the overall economic welfare of the exporting country
15 The important difference between tariffs and quotas is that tariffs _____.
generate tax revenue for the government
raise the price of the good
help domestic producers
stimulate international trade
16 The situation when export-biased growth by poor nations would worsen their terms of trade so much that they would be worse off than if they had not grown at all is called _____.
distorted growth
immiserizing growth
imbalanced growth
misalignment growth
17 Which of the following transactions is a debit in a country's current account?
Export of merchandise.
Gifts to foreigners.
Foreign bond purchases.
Export of services.
18 Which of the following is NOT a feature of a common market?
Free trade in goods and services between the members.
Common external barriers to trade.
Substantial coordination of macroeconomic policies among the members.
Factor mobility.
19 Which of the following does NOT appear in the current account part of the balance of payments?
Aloan of $1 million from Bank of America to Brazil.
Foreign aid to El Salvador.
AnAir France ticket bought by an American.
Income earned by General Motors from its plants abroad.
20 The Ricardian model of international trade demonstrates that trade can be mutually beneficial. Why do governments restrict imports of some goods?
Restrictions on imports can have significant beneficial effects on domestic consumers.
The Ricardian model is often incorrect in its prediction that trade can be mutually beneficial.
Imports are only restricted when foreign-made goods do not meet domestic standards of quality.
Trade can have significant harmful effects on some segments of a country's economy.