109 年公務人員特種考試關務人員、身心障礙人員考試及 109 年國軍上校以上軍官轉任公務人員考試試題

考 試 別：國軍上校以上軍官轉任公務人員考試

等

別：中將轉任考試

類

科：一般行政

科

目：中華民國憲法與英文

考試時間：

2 小時

座號：

※注意：禁止使用電子計算器。

代號：

60220

頁次：

4 － 1

• 甲、申論題部分：（

50 分）

•  不必抄題，作答時請將試題題號及答案依照順序寫在申論試卷上，於本試題上作答者，不予計分。

•  請以藍、黑色鋼筆或原子筆在申論試卷上作答。

•  本科目除專門名詞或數理公式外，應使用本國文字作答。

• 一、憲法第 24 條規定： 「凡公務員違法侵害人民之自由或權利者，除依法律 受懲戒外，應負刑事及民事責任。被害人民就其所受損害，並得依法律 向國家請求賠償。」請問此一規定係「方針規定」或「憲法委託」？又 本條係採國家「自己責任論」或「代位責任論」？請依司法院大法官的 解釋說明。 （ 25 分）

• 二、憲法規定，針對立法院所通過的何種議案，行政院若認為窒礙難行，可 以提起覆議？覆議程序為何？請說明之。 （ 25 分）

• 乙、測驗題部分：（

50

分）

代號： 2601

•  本測驗試題為單一選擇題，請選出一個正確或最適當的答案，複選作答者，該題不予計分。

•  共 25 題，每題 2 分，須用 2B 鉛筆在試卡上依題號清楚劃記，於本試題或申論試卷上作答者，不予計分。

• 1 Cigarette filters can take up to 12 years to and are harmful to marine life.

•  decree

•  degrade

•  delete

•  deplore

• 2 The complicated reality is hopelessly unknowable, especially in this age in which the superabundance of information at our is the very enemy of clarity.

•  approval

•  disposal

•  exposure

•  posture

• 3 It is estimated that Britain will likely send more troops to join the US-led surge to the Afghanistan regime against a new Taliban onslaught.

•  shy from

•  show off

•  shoot at

•  shore up

• 4 Having spent most of his 30-year career fighting terrorism and , Veteran Richard Kemp considered Iran the greatest threat to world peace.

•  insecurity

•  insurgency

•  inclusion

•  inundation

5 David longed for his father's his career as a cook, but his father had always expected David to follow in his footsteps as a medical doctor.

•  approval of

•  doing away with

•  opposition to

•  taking over

• 6 There is a(n) between the capacity of the airport and the large number of people wanting to fly from it.

•  accumulation

•  implication

•  mismatch

•  counterpart

• 7 He's so clear and reasonable when he answers questions in interviews. I wish I could be that .

•  disposable

•  compatible

•  presumptuous

•  coherent

• 8 Each party is simply reinforcing the supporters' to the party during the election campaign.

•  loyalty

•  capability

•  assessment

•  ambivalence

• 9 Malnutrition in the region is -- affecting up to 78 percent of children under the age of five.

•  straightforward

•  widespread

•  concurrent

•  contagious

• 10 So far there is no conclusive information as to the group responsible for the recent attacks, seriously damaging five oil vessels in the Persian Gulf.

•  prophecy

•  rummage

•  sabotage

•  vandalism

請依下文回答第 11 題至第 15 題

Criminal offenders make choices based on their perceptions of opportunities. Understanding how offenders see things is important to preventing crimes 11 almost all crime prevention involves changing offenders' perceptions of crime opportunities. Some prevention programs work directly on offenders' perceptions, as when police inform offenders that they are being closely 12 . But most prevention schemes work through one or more 13 steps before the ultimate goal is achieved, as in property marking schemes, for example, where supportive residents apply window stickers showing 14 . Changes in the environment change offender perceptions. These perceptions influence offenders' behaviors that, 15 , alter crime patterns.

• 11  because

•  from

•  therefore

•  although

• 12  watched

•  protected

•  yelled

•  connected

• 13  intermediate

•  straightforward

•  risky

•  oppressive

• 14  participation

•  ambivalence

•  vandalism

•  apathy

• 15  in turn

•  at most

•  against law

•  on duty

請依下文回答第 16 題至第 20 題

A German World War I hand grenade was found among a 16 of French potatoes imported for a Hong Kong potato chip factory. Police detonated it on site with a police video showing bomb disposal officers packing the grenade in a drainage channel at the factory before 17 . The grenade is believed to 18 in a trench during World War I and 19 gathered up with potatoes planted a century later in the former battlefield. Hong Kong police 20 dealing with old munitions, though more usually US bombs dropped on the territory after it fell to the Japanese during World War II.

請依下文回答第 21 題至第 25 題

Mercantilism is the term commonly used to describe the body of opinion that prevailed in economic thought from the sixteenth through to the mid-eighteenth centuries. The mercantilists believed that the affluence of a nation depended on its ability to achieve and maintain a positive trade surplus, and it was seen as of vital importance that a nation kept down the price of its exports. At the time when the mercantilists wrote, labor was the chief input into production and hence also the major cost of production. Consequently, there was a keen focus on the level of wages. It was argued that wages should be kept as low as possible not just to minimize direct labor costs and hence also export prices, but also to maximize the supply of labor.

The mercantilists believed that low wages were necessary to ensure that workers worked on a regular and continuous basis. The above ideas formed the basis of the so-called 'utility of poverty' thesis: the argument that the wealth of the nation was greatest where those who labored were poor. The paradox in mercantilist labor doctrine was that, while the laborer was seen to provide the source of the nation's wealth, he or she was argued to have no right to any greater share of economic wealth than was necessary to meet his or her most basic material needs.

Many opinions informed the case put forward by the mercantilists in support of low wages. First, the view was taken that the English laborer was innately opposed to work. In the absence of poverty, workers would be certain to remain idle and higher wages were to be avoided as a means of enforcing a regular pattern of work that was required to increase national wealth. Alongside low wages, the workhouse was to act as a 'school of industry' to instill in the poor the habit of regular and diligent work. Second, workers were claimed to have very low material horizons, and would be unresponsive to wage incentives. High wages were seen to result in increased idleness with a negligible effect on consumption levels, and low wages and high prices were recommended as a means to coerce the workforce into working long hours. Third, workers in England were condemned for drinking excessive amounts of alcohol and for leading debauched lives. It was argued that if wages were allowed to rise, then workers were sure to indulge their passion for 'vice.' Fourth, there was a fear that a rise in the living standards of the laborer would lead to disorder and sedition in society.

• 21 What is the passage mainly about?

•  Impoverishment of workers between the 16 th century and mid-18 th century.

•  The mercantilist doctrine to labor force between the 16 th century and mid-18 th century.

•  Social-economic factors for economic growth of countries between the 16 th century and mid-18 th century.

•  Effects of low wages on laborers' antisocial personality between the 16 th century and mid-18 th century.

• 22 According to the passage, which of the following can be inferred about the economic thought of mercantilism?

•  Suppressing wage growth was the key to prosperity of a country.

•  Economic hardship of workers led to poverty of a country.

•  There were a great many opposing opinions about mercantilism.

•  Adverse trade balance of a nation was the theme of mercantilism.

• 23 Which rationale is NOT suggested in the last paragraph for keeping wages low?

•  The lazy human nature of laborers.

•  The likely boost in consumption levels.

•  The lavish lifestyle laborers may have.

•  The potential incitement of civil rebellion.

• 24 Which of the following words is closest in meaning to 'condemned' in the passage?

•  sentenced

•  denounced

• 25 What is the paradox in mercantilist labor doctrine?

•  The paradox between increasing trade surplus and economic inflation.

•  The paradox between a more productive workforce and low-quality products.

•  The paradox between poor income of laborers and growing wealth of their countries.

•  The paradox between rising export prices and decreasing cost of production.

•  commended

•  degenerated

109 年公務人員特種考試關務人員、身心障礙人員考試及 109 年國軍上校以上軍官轉任公務人員考試試題

考 試 別：國軍上校以上軍官轉任公務人員考試

等

別：中將轉任考試

類

科：一般行政

科

目：行政學研究

考試時間：

3 小時

座號：

代號：

60230

頁次：

1 － 1

※注意：

•  禁止使用電子計算器。

•  不必抄題，作答時請將試題題號及答案依照順序寫在試卷上，於本試題上作答者，不予計分。

•  本科目除專門名詞或數理公式外，應使用本國文字作答。

• 一、「良善治理」（ good governance ）乃是當前政府治理所追求的目標，試申 論其核心內涵為何？並舉政策案例說明如何透過實際作為達到此一目 標？（ 25 分）

• 二、有學者指出，公部門天生具有「抗拒創新」的基因，試從行政運作的特質， 說明支持此一觀點的可能立論理由為何？並舉實際案例佐證或反駁此一 觀點。（ 25 分）

• 三、近年，為增加人力運用之彈性，我國規劃推動中央政府三級機關首長採取 政務與常務任用雙軌制，試從人事管理的觀點，說明此一制度設計有何利 弊得失。（ 25 分）

• 四、 2020 年 1 月初，中國大陸武漢地區爆發「新型冠狀病毒（ COVID-19 ）」 的疫情，並快速在其他國家擴散。我國在防治疫情期間，國軍敦睦艦隊爆 發官兵染疫事件，一度引起國人的恐慌，試應用危機處理的觀點，申論國 軍如何因應與處理此一危機事件？（ 25 分）

109 年公務人員特種考試關務人員、身心障礙人員考試及 109 年國軍上校以上軍官轉任公務人員考試試題

考 試 別：國軍上校以上軍官轉任公務人員考試

等

別：中將轉任考試

類

科：一般行政

科

目：問題分析與解決

考試時間：

3 小時

座號：

代號：

60210

頁次：

1 － 1

※注意：

•  禁止使用電子計算器。

•  不必抄題，作答時請將試題題號及答案依照順序寫在試卷上，於本試題上作答者，不予計分。

•  本科目除專門名詞或數理公式外，應使用本國文字作答。

新冠肺炎帶給全球健康、經濟、社會重大衝擊，這類新興傳染病的風險在全球 化的今天恐無法避免，嚴重考驗著每個國家與世界組織的治理能力，以及每個 地方社會的回應韌性。

• 一、針對疫情衝擊，您認為「有效治理」的關鍵為何（請至少指出兩個關鍵要 素）？請詳述您的主張，並提供正、反證據（如今年各國抗疫作法與結果） 與推論說明。（ 25 分）

• 二、舉一個具體與防疫相關政策（如戴口罩、居家隔離、出國禁令等），說明 防疫時期國家權力擴張與人民權益可能扞格之處？試分析國家的民主成 熟度如何影響政府在防疫時期的權力擴張？您認為民主國家應如何解決 防疫措施可能的人權侵害風險問題？（ 25 分）

• 三、防疫作戰需要跨部會的配合，可否舉一實例針對防疫措施討論跨部會協調 溝通的重要性？並進一步說明，在防疫作戰的共同目標上，這些部會可能 會遇到那些矛盾衝突之處？要如何克服？（ 25 分）

• 四、從政策溝通的角度，您如何評價臺灣疫情指揮中心的表現？請以實例具體 指出您認為指揮中心做的最好之處與最需改善的地方？並進一步說明您 會提什麼方案來進行改善。（ 25 分）