60210

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103 年公務人員特種考試關務人員考試、 103 年公務人員特種考試身心 障礙人員考試及 103 年國軍上校以上軍官轉任公務人員考試試題

考 試 別：國軍上校以上軍官轉任公務人員考試

等 別：中將轉任考試

類 科：一般行政

科 目：中華民國憲法與英文

考試時間：

2 小時

座號：

※注意：禁止使用電子計算器。

甲、申論題部分：（ 50 分）

 不必抄題，作答時請將試題題號及答案依照順序寫在申論試卷上，於本試題上作答者，不予計分。  請以藍、黑色鋼筆或原子筆在申論試卷上作答。

• 一、關於國會議員之「言論及表決」，如何界定其受保障之範圍，請依司法院大法官解 釋說明。（ 25 分）

• 二、請分別依憲法及增修條文規定說明我國「領土變更」之規範設計。（ 25 分）

乙、測驗題部分：（ 50

分） 代號：

1601

•  本測驗試題為單一選擇題，請選出一個正確或最適當的答案，複選作答者，該題不予計分。

•  共 25 題，每題 2 分，須用 2B

鉛筆在試卡上依題號清楚劃記，於本試題或申論試卷上作答者，不予計分。

• 1 One way to judge whether the painting is an original is to check the of the signature on it by comparing it with those on other pieces done by the artist.

•  authenticity

•  coherence

•  innocence

•  substance

• 2 Teenagers are usually not the main of FBI, whose agents are used to dealing with hardened criminals.

•  beneficiaries

•  delegates

•  fans

•  targets

• 3 The volunteers work with the national park staff on wildlife preservation and organize conservation programs for use of forests to protect the environment.

•  lucrative

•  maximum

•  sustainable

•  unconstrained

• 4 Odors are comprised of hundreds of volatile compounds, and these complex mixtures and their varied reactions complicate odor management.

•  Odor management involves analyses of a multitude of volatile compounds and the complex combinations that constitute odors and reactions.

•  It is difficult to control and manipulate odors because odors are made up of many volatile compounds and can vary in a multitude of mixtures and reactions.

•  Odors are made up of a multitude of volatile compounds, and each odor is made up of a unique mixture of compounds and may elicit varied reactions.

•  Managing odors in an office is a complex process as it involves hundreds of voluntary workers who are likely to react to odors in many different ways.

• 5 We all remember too well that smiles go a long way, but often forget that so do angry words.

•  We all remember very well that there are times for us to show our kindness, but often forget that there are also times for us to let off our anger.

•  We all remember very well the times when we are kind to other people, but often forget those times when we say all the angry words to them.

•  We are all well aware that people will remember our kindness for a long time, but often forget that they also have long memories about our anger.

•  We are all well aware that people consider being kind to others a right thing to do, but often forget that they think it is wrong to be mean to others.

請依下文回答第 6 題至第 10 題

A writer is not the same thing as a tale-teller. First of all, the tale-teller, like the actor, must respond to an immediate audience. His art is a performance: the instrument is the spoken voice, backed up by facial expression and gesture. In some ways the writer of books, like the graffiti artist, is freer than the tale-teller: he does not perform in front of an audience or stick around for feedback. Secondly, a tale-teller in the midst of his tale can improvise-but only within limits: he can digress or add details but cannot revise the beginning. Like a film seen in a theater, his story runs one way only. The writer, on the other hand, can scratch his way through draft after draft, laboring over the shapes of sentences, striving for exactly the right word, and throwing characters' names out of the window-indeed, throwing the whole characters out of the window. Thirdly, a physical book gives the illusion of permanence. It also gives the impression of static form, of immutability-this and no other is the order of the words. A particular incarnation of an orally-transmitted tale, however, dies when the specific tale-teller dies. A tale actually changes from teller to teller.

• 6 According to the passage, which of the following is NOT a reason why a writer is freer than a traditional tale-teller?

•  He can change the name of his characters in the midst of his writing.

•  He can revise his book based on the feedback from his readers.

•  He does not face an immediate audience.

•  He can work through many drafts.

• 7 Which of the following comparisons is suggested in the passage?

•  The spoken voice of a tale-teller is compared to the words and sentences of a writer.

•  An orally-transmitted tale is compared to the film seen in a theater.

•  A tale-teller is compared to the graffiti artist.

•  A writer is compared to the actor.

• 8 What does the underlined word 'immutability' in the passage mean?

•  Changeability

•  Diversity

• 9 What is the most appropriate title for the passage?

•  What Makes a Writer Superior to a Tale-teller?

•  How to Tell a Tale

•  Fluidity

•  Stability

•  The Freedom of a Writer

•  Tale-telling vs. Writing

• 10 According to the passage, which of the following statements is NOT true about an orally-transmitted tale?

•  It changes from teller to teller.

•  It invites immediate feedback from its audience.

請依下文回答第 11 題至第 13 題

There is no single cause of mental retardation, but researchers have uncovered several causes, some of which are preventable. Brain damage due to genetic conditions is a well-known cause of mental retardation. Most people are familiar with Down's syndrome, which is caused by the formation of an additional chromosome. The normal number of chromosomes for people is 46; babies with Down's syndrome have 47. Another chromosome-related cause of mental retardation is a malformation of the X-chromosome. Fortunately, blood tests can detect this problem early and immediate measures can be taken to limit the damage.

Not all brain damage resulting in mental retardation occurs because of problems in the genetic makeup of the infant. Certain infectious diseases that the mother may contract during pregnancy can adversely affect the developing brain of the baby, particularly if the mother catches these diseases during the first three months of her pregnancy. These diseases include rubella, herpes simplex, and syphilis. Because they are infectious, to a certain extent they are preventable. Another preventable cause of mental retardation in newborns relates to what the pregnant woman ingests. Certain drugs are known to hinder the development of the baby's brain such as thalidomide. However, the most easily preventable cause of mental retardation is fetal alcohol syndrome. Drinking as little as one or two glasses of wine a week during pregnancy could result in physical and intellectual impairments in the infant.

•  It has a static form.

•  It can be told by different tale-tellers.

• 11 According to the passage, which of the following statements is true?

•  Women over twenty-five have a higher risk of having babies with Down's syndrome.

•  Blood test is a very effective way to detect early mental retardation.

•  Thalidomide is a medicine that benefits women during pregnancy.

•  Drinking as little as one or two glasses of wine a week is never a factor for mental retardation.

• 12 According to the passage, which of the following is an infectious disease?

•  Thalidomide

•  Fetal alcohol syndrome

•  Syphilis

•  Down's syndrome

• 13 According to the passage, which of the following is NOT a possible way to detect mental retardation caused by diseases?

•  Herpes simplex test 

請依下文回答第 14 題至第 17 題

Some school administrators think of physical education (PE) as a frill, and many critics say that team-oriented PE fails to help those kids who need it most, the overweight or awkward kids who hate to play team sports. Today, American children are less physically fit than ever before, and about 25% of all American children are overweight. Diseases related to obesity, like diabetes and high blood pressure, are more common among teenagers.

A new fitness philosophy in PE may help change the situation. This new approach focuses on individualized activities like running, scaling a climbing wall, or working with weights. Individualized PE has a lot of advantages over team sports. Students who hate team sports because of rough teammates, harsh coaches, and social pressure sometimes grow fearful of all exercises. Individualized PE can help remove those fears.

Individualized PE is easier to schedule because a student can work whenever he or she is free. A student can run or do aerobic exercises nearly anywhere, anytime. There is no need to get together with all other students. Finally, individualized exercise is more practical as a lifetime pursuit: an individualized PE program teaches skills valuable for the rest of a student's life.

• 14 According to the article, why do some American students fear team sports?

•  It is often difficult to find enough teammates to play a team game.

•  It is often difficult to play a game without some sort of social pressure.

•  It is often difficult to find a proper place to play a team game.

•  It is often difficult to find a good coach.

• 15 Which of the following is NOT an advantage of individualized PE?

•  It helps students build confidence to play under social pressure.

•  It teaches skills that may become a lifetime exercise habit.

•  It teaches individualized skills that require no teammates.

•  It removes fears that are closely related to team-oriented PE courses.

• 16 Which of the following can be logically inferred from the article?

•  Individualized PE is giving way to team-oriented PE in America.

•  Diabetes and hypertension are not related to lack of exercise.

•  Some American teenagers may welcome more individualized PE.

•  Today, about 25% of all American teenagers are enrolled in individualized PE.

• 17 According to the passage, what is an advantage of individualized PE?

•  It helps build muscles in a very short time.

•  It completely removes chances of high blood pressure.

•  It helps reduce obesity by 25%.

•  It can be done almost anywhere, anytime.

編號第 18 題至第 21 題為篇章結構，各題請依文意，從四個選項中選出最合適者，各題答案內容不重複

I am coming back to New York after five years. 18 From their center in the East Village, where there are more places to have your palm read than to check your e-mail, they have radiated all over New York, which teems with 'Eastern' medicinal and fortune-telling establishments of every kind, ranging from the dubious (reiki, scented-candle therapy, acupuncture) to the bogus (palmistry, psychic reading). Greenwich Village, for example, always had its share of mind readers before, but there are many more these days. 19 What was crazy 10 years ago is now respectable. 20

As the son of a 'Western' doctor from India, I am appalled by this. Technology may be vibrantly alive in the US-cell phones and laptops are everywhere. 21 Evidence ranges from the proliferation of street-side palmists all the way to the White House. To a visitor from the supposedly mystical East, all this is disturbing-even repulsive.

• Syphilis test

•  Drug test

•  Rubella test

• 18  Faith in science has increased in New York.

•  It seems that psychics are taking over the city.

•  Palm reading is a practice the West has started to embrace.

•  Even the best-educated New Yorkers are fascinated by psychics.

•  Faith in science has increased in New York.

•  They seem to have moved closer to the mainstream of life in the city.

•  Ironically, the more mind readers there are, the fewer customers each will get.

•  However, faith in the science that produces this technology has weakened in the past decade.

•  Only lay people are interested in palm reading.

•  Palm reading is a practice the West has started to embrace.

•  Even the best-educated New Yorkers are fascinated by psychics.

•  They seem to have moved closer to the mainstream of life in the city.

• 21  It seems that psychics are taking over the city.

•  It also reflects people's increasing faith in science.

•  Ironically, the more mind readers there are, the fewer customers each will get.

•  However, faith in the science that produces this technology has weakened in the past decade.

編號第 22 題至第 25 題為篇章結構，各題請依文意，從四個選項中選出最合適者，各題答案內容不重複

The bad news for American air travelers nowadays is that they may be more likely to be bumped from an overbooked flight after airlines shrink their fleets to cut unprofitable flights and inefficient planes. 22 However, the good news is that airlines are required to offer richer rewards-twice the amount of money they used to pay-to passengers bumped from a flight. 23 If you are one of those frequent fliers, the following statistics are for your references.

In the first six months of 2008, about 343,000 passengers out of a total of 282 million were denied seats on planes, according to the United States Department of Transportation. Most of those people volunteered to give up their seats. 24 But the department's statistics also show about 1.16 of every 10,000 passengers had their seats taken away because of overbooking.

Even with the higher compensation for being bumped as a result of overbooking, many passengers are angered by the practice. 25 Overbooking, after all, helps ensure that flights are as full as possible.

• 22  The payoff can be even greater for people who know how to negotiate.

•  However, airlines seem to be using overbooking as a business strategy, especially for the financially troubled carriers.

•  In plain language, it means even fewer empty seats than there are now for air travelers.

•  Airlines seem to have regarded it as a priority, especially in the face of record fuel prices.

• 23  The payoff can be even greater for people who know how to negotiate.

•  In return, they received some form of compensation, like a voucher for a free flight.

•  Airlines seem to have regarded it as a priority, especially in the face of record fuel prices.

•  As a result, bumping seems to have become a necessary part of doing business in the American airline industry.

•  The payoff can be even greater for people who know how to negotiate.

•  In return, they received some form of compensation, like a voucher for a free flight.

•  As a result, bumping seems to have become a necessary part of doing business in the American airline industry.

•  However, airlines seem to be using overbooking as a business strategy, especially for the financially troubled carriers.

• 25  In return, they received some form of compensation, like a voucher for a free flight.

•  Airlines seem to have regarded it as a priority, especially in the face of record fuel prices.

•  As a result, bumping seems to have become a necessary part of doing business in the American airline industry.

•  However, airlines seem to be using overbooking as a business strategy, especially for the financially troubled carriers.

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20

24

103 年公務人員特種考試關務人員考試、 103 年公務 人員特種考試身心障礙人員考試及 103 年國軍 上 校 以 上 軍 官 轉 任 公 務 人 員 考 試 試 題

考 試 別： 國軍上校以上軍官轉任公務人員考試

等 別： 中將轉任考試

類 科： 一般行政

科 目： 行政學研究

考試時間：

3 小時

※注意：

 禁止使用電子計算器。

 不必抄題，作答時請將試題題號及答案依照順序寫在試卷上，於本試題上作答者，不予計分。

• 一、彼得聖吉（ Peter Senge ）提出學習型組織的五項修練，包括：自我超越、改善心智 模式、建立共同願景、團隊學習及系統思考等。請逐一說明五項修練的具體內涵？ 並闡釋這五項修練對政府高階主管從事管理工作有那些重要的啟發？（ 40 分）

• 二、政府預算的執行通常會建置幾項的彈性機制，譬如預備金設置、經費流用、特別預 算等措施。請說明前述預算執行彈性機制的核心內涵為何？為何要建置相關的彈性 機制？（ 30 分）

• 三、政府機關業務委託民間辦理通常包括：機關內部業務委外、行政助手、公共設施服 務委外、行政檢查業務委外等四種模式，請分別舉例說明之。（ 30 分）

代號 ：

60220 全一頁

座號：

103 年公務人員特種考試關務人員考試、 103 年公務 人員特種考試身心障礙人員考試及 103 年國軍 上 校 以 上 軍 官 轉 任 公 務 人 員 考 試 試 題

考 試 別： 國軍上校以上軍官轉任公務人員考試

等 別： 中將轉任考試

類 科： 一般行政

科 目： 問題分析與解決

考試時間：

3 小時

※注意：

 禁止使用電子計算器。

 不必抄題，作答時請將試題題號及答案依照順序寫在試卷上，於本試題上作答者，不予計分。

• 一、面對問題，決策者可能依賴經驗法則、衝動或感覺做決策，從而做出錯誤決策。請 問決策中常見的偏差有那些？減少偏差及錯誤決策的方法為何？（ 50 分）

• 二、魚骨圖（ fishbone diagram ）、目標管理（ management by objective; MBO ）、工作分 解結構（ work breakdown structure; WBS ），與薩南 -威弗模式（ the Shannon-Weaver model ），都是分析、解決問題的方法或技巧，請分別說明其重點與操作步驟，並 說明各適用於何種問題類型？（ 50 分）

代號 ：

60230 全一頁

座號：